Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
1 Introduction
2 VHF data exchange-satellite, the essential supplement to terrestrial VHF
data exchange system
2.1 Practical aspects of deploying coastal coverage
2.2 Expanding VHF data exchange system from the coastal area to
global coverage
2.3 Use case descriptions
2.3.1 Distributing MSI
2.3.2 Facilitating ship reporting
2.3.3 Small vessel fleets or developing areas
3 Identification of spectrum requirements and rationale for the use of the
frequency bands of RR Appendix 18
3.1 Spectrum requirement for the VHF data exchange-satellite
3.2 Potential use of the frequency band 160.975-161.475 MHz versus
channels 2024/2084/2025/2085/2026/2086 for the satellite downlink
3.3 Frequency plan alternatives
3.3.1 Frequency plan alternative 1
3.3.2 Frequency plan alternative 2
3.3.3 Frequency plan alternative 3
3.4 Evaluation of the three frequency plan alternatives
3.4.1 Conclusions for the selection of a frequency plan
alternative
4 Technical description of the VHF data exchange-satellite
4.1 VHF data exchange - satellite key parameters
4.1.1 Satellite to surface distance range
4.1.2 Satellite transmission carrier frequency error
4.1.3 Ship station antenna gain and transmitter
requirements
4.1.4 Satellite antenna gain
4.2 Technical characteristics of the VHF data exchange -satellite
downlink in the VHF maritime mobile frequency band
4.2.1 Satellite downlink equivalent isotropic radiated
power
4.2.2 Ship station noise and interference level
4.2.3 VHF data exchange- satellite downlink receiver
thresholds
4.2.4 VHF data exchange-satellite downlink link budget
4.3 Technical characteristics of the VHF data exchange-satellite
uplink in the VHF maritime mobile frequency band
4.3.1 VHF data exchange-satellite uplink receiver
thresholds
4.3.2 VHF data exchange-satellite uplink receiver
characteristics
4.3.3 VHF data exchange-satellite uplink link budget
5 Interoperability and resource sharing with VHF data exchange-terrestrial
and between VHF data exchange-satellite
5.1 Resource sharing method for VHF data exchange-terrestrial and
VHF data exchange-satellite
5.2 VHF data exchange-terrestrial and VHF data exchange-satellite
downlink resource sharing
5.2.1 Resource sharing with frequency plan alternative 1
5.2.2 Resource sharing with frequency plan alternative 2
5.2.3 Resource sharing with frequency plan alternative 3
5.3 VHF data exchange-terrestrial and VHF data exchange-satellite
uplink resource sharing
5.3.1 Resource sharing with frequency plan alternative 1
5.3.2 Resource sharing with frequency plan alternative 2
5.3.3 Resource sharing with frequency plan alternative 3
5.4 Resource sharing between multiple satellite VHF data exchange
systems
6 Interference to incumbent services and those in adjacent frequency bands
6.1 In-band interference
6.1.1 Fixed services in-band
6.1.2 Land and aeronautical mobile services in-band
6.2 Out-of-band interference
6.2.1 Maritime distress and voice services
6.2.2 Satellite automatic identification system
6.2.3 Radiolocation service in the frequency band 154-156
MHz
6.2.4 Broadcasting service in the frequency band 162-164
MHz
6.2.5 Space operation service (space-to-Earth) in the
frequency band 162-164 MHz
6.2.6 Land and aeronautical mobile services in adjacent
frequency bands
6.2.7 Radio astronomy out of band pfd mask
7 Satellite receiver resilience to harmful interference from incumbent
services in the same and adjacent frequency band
7.1 Compatibility of VHF data exchange - satellite with the mobile
service operating in the frequency band 156-162 MHz
7.1.1 Introduction
7.1.2 Characteristics of land mobile systems operating in
the 156 to 162 MHz band
7.1.3 Characteristics of the VHF data exchange -
satellite uplink
7.1.4 Estimation of interference level from base and
mobile stations operating in the land mobile service in the 156 to 162 MHz band
7.1.5 Effect on VHF data exchange - satellite uplink link
budget from interference from base and mobile stations operating in the land
mobile service in the 156-162 MHz band
7.1.6 Effect of interference from multiple land mobile
stations
7.1.7 Conclusions
7.2 Compatibility of VHF data exchange - satellite with the
radiolocation service operating in the frequency band 154‑156 MHz
7.2.1 Introduction
7.2.2 Characteristics of space surveillance radars
operating in the frequency band 154‑156 MHz
7.2.3 Characteristics of VHF data exchange - satellite
uplink (ship-to-satellite)
7.2.4 Scenario of interference from unwanted emissions by
radars operating in the frequency band 154-156 MHz on VHF data exchange system
satellite receiver
7.2.5 Estimation of interference level from unwanted
emissions by radars operating in the frequency band 154-156 MHz on VHF data
exchange system satellite receiver
7.2.6 Estimation of link budget for VHF data exchange
system up-link with a satellite receiver in a 600 km altitude orbit
7.2.7 Potential for burnout and blocking of the VHF data
exchange-satellite receiver caused by unwanted emissions from the radar
7.2.8 Conclusions
8 Testing, demonstrations and measurements
8.1 Measurement results of VHF data exchange - satellite downlink
using NorSat-2
8.1.1 NorSat-2 VHF data exchange - satellite
8.1.2 Background, explanation
8.1.3 VHF data exchange - satellite downlink test results
8.1.4 Major findings from the measurement results
8.1.5 Ice chart distribution demonstration
8.1.6 Conclusions
8.2 Measurement results for the VHF data exchange-satellite uplink
8.2.1 Background and explanations
8.2.2 Test setup
8.2.3 VHF data exchange-satellite uplink test results
8.2.4 Conclusions
8.3 VHF data exchange-satellite downlink test campaign in the
Netherlands
8.3.1 VHF data exchange-satellite downlink signal
measurement
8.3.2 VHF downlink monitoring by Dutch National
Monitoring Network
8.3.3 Conclusions
8.4 VHF data exchange-satellite downlink signal measurement in
Vigo, Spain
8.4.1 Measurement Campaign
8.4.2 Receiving Antenna
8.4.3 Radio configuration
8.4.4 Signal Analyses
8.4.5 Signal power measurement (Continuous Wave)
8.4.6 Expected C/(N0+I0)
8.4.7 Concluding remarks
Annex 1 Considerations for the pfd mask for the VHF data exchange - satellite
downlink (Recommendation ITU-R M.2092-0 Annex 4)
A1.1 Introduction and purpose
A1.2 VHF data exchange system - satellite
A1.3 Assumptions for operation of VHF data exchange system
A1.4 Antenna options for VHF terrestrial stations
A1.5 Example VHF data exchange system satellite implementation
A1.5.1 Determine the VHF data exchange system satellite
orbital characteristics
A1.5.2 VHF data exchange - satellite antenna
characteristics
A1.5.3 Determine the width of the antenna coverage path
A1.5.4 Determine the maximum Doppler frequency shift
between the satellite and ships in the satellite’s antenna coverage area
A1.5.5 Determine the optimum downward tilt angle for the
satellite VHF data exchange system antenna for coverage of ships in the forward
direction
A1.5.6 Consideration of the pfd mask for VHF data
exchange - satellite transmission
A1.6 Consideration of a pfd mask based on available land mobile
service characteristics
A1.6.1 VHF data exchange system satellite downlink
performance assessment of the proposed alternative compromise pfd mask based on
coordination thresholds
A1.7 Assessment of protection for land mobile services
A1.7.1 Protection calculations
A1.7.2 Consideration of noise background from man-made
noise per Recommendation ITU‑R P.372-13
A1.7.2.1 pfd mask assessment
A1.7.3 Alternative pfd mask based on protection criteria
A1.8 Results of assessment of pfd masks
Annex 2 Carrier to interference analysis of pfd masks for the VDE-SAT downlink
A2.1 VHF data exchange satellite downlink
A2.2 Consideration of an alternative pfd mask based on available
land mobile service characteristics in Recommendation ITU‑R M.1808-0
A2.2.1 VHF data exchange system satellite downlink C/N
performance assessment of the proposed alternative pfd mask to ensure the
protection of the land mobile service
A2.2.2 Carrier to interference (C/I)
performance comparison of the current pfd mask and the alternative pfd mask to
ensure the protection of the land mobile service