CONTENTS

 1 Introduction  2
        1.1 The transition to digital audio production  2
        1.2 ii) The transition to digital audio emission  2
        1.3 The proliferation of the number of available broadcast audio services  3
        1.4 Increasing reliance on automation and decreasing reliance on trained operators, particularly at the emission stage     3
        1.5 Changing practices in cinema sound production  3
2 Existing metering – its strengths and weaknesses  3
3 Application specific loudness meters  5
4 Human loudness perception  5
5 Review of proposed ballistic types  6
6 Implementation – theory  8
        6.1 Algorithm topology  8
        6.2 Output filter topology  9
        6.3 Time constant for instantaneous and fast response  9
        6.4 Audio block decimation  9
7 Implementation – Loudness meter comparison utility  10
        7.1 Introduction  10
        7.2 Calibration  10
        7.3     Decimation  12
        7.4 Gating  12
8 Assessment of performance  12
9 Conclusions  12