FOREWORD
CHAPTER 1 - SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT FUNDAMENTALS
Table of Contents
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Goals and objectives
1.3 International spectrum aspects
1.4 Major national spectrum management directives/laws
1.4.1 Radiocommunication law
1.4.2 National frequency allocation table
1.4.3 Regulations and procedures
1.5 Organizational structure and processes
1.5.1 Structure and coordination
1.5.2 Decision-making process
1.6 Spectrum management functional responsibilities and requirements
1.6.1 Spectrum management planning, regulation and policy making
1.6.2 Development of a national allocation table
1.6.3 Frequency assignment and licensing
1.6.4 Relationship between spectrum fees and the spectrum management process
1.6.5 Radio standards specification and equipment authorization
1.6.6 Monitoring
1.6.7 Spectrum enforcement
1.6.8 International cooperation
1.6.9 National cooperation (liaison and consultation)
1.6.10 Spectrum engineering support
1.6.11 Computer support
1.7 Development of a spectrum management organizational structure
1.7.1 General
1.7.2 Decentralization versus centralized management
1.7.3 Matrix structure management
1.7.4 Summary of principles
1.7.5 Spectrum management systems
Bibliography
ANNEX 1 TO CHAPTER 1 - International Spectrum Management and the International Telecommunication Union
1 History
2 Organizational structure
ANNEX 2 TO CHAPTER 1 - Example of an outline of a national document of regulations and procedures for Radio Spec...
1 General
2 Discussion
CHAPTER 2 - SPECTRUM PLANNING
Table of Contents
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Significance of planning
2.2.1 Planning benefits versus costs
2.2.2 Definitions of spectrum planning
2.3 Planning processes
2.3.1 Establishing spectrum planning objectives
2.3.2 Elements to consider
2.3.3 Spectrum availability
2.3.4 Planning options
2.3.5 Process implementation
2.3.6 Iteration process
2.4 Consultative approach
2.4.1 Inquiry into future spectrum/service requirements
2.4.2 Interaction among/with representative groups
2.5 Analytical approach
2.6 Scenario approach
2.7 Usage trends
2.8 Supplementary approaches
2.9 Spectrum management system planning and review
2.10 Planning implementation
2.10.1 Short term (within three to five years)
2.10.2 Long term (within five to ten years)
2.10.3 Strategic planning
2.11 Improving the spectrum management planning system
2.12 The management or administrative body
Bibliography
CHAPTER 3 - FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT AND LICENSING
Table of Contents
3.1 Regulatory aspects of the frequency assignment process
3.2 Technical aspects of the frequency assignment process
3.2.1 Procedures for assignment of frequencies to radio stations
3.2.2 Information required for frequency applications
3.2.3 Methods of interference analysis for frequency-site planning
3.3 Frequency plans
3.3.1 Linear frequency-site planning
3.3.2 Sequential frequency planning and assignment process
3.3.3 fiInterference-freefl assignment grids
3.3.4 Cellular frequency-site planning method
3.3.5 Flexible frequency-site planning process
3.4 Software and automation
3.5 Introduction
3.6 Requirements of licensing
3.7 Licensing radio stations
3.8 Deregulation of licensing
3.9 Licensing practices
3.9.1 Licensing non-commercial radio users
3.9.2 Licensing commercial radio users
3.9.3 Licensing fixed service for telecommunication service operators
3.9.4 Licensing mobile services
3.9.5 Licensing broadcasting services
3.10 On-line licensing
3.10.1 Simple on-line licensing system
3.10.2 More complex on-line licensing system
3.10.3 Multiple country on-line licensing system
3.10.4 Other issues for on-line licensing
3.11 Information security issues
References
Bibliography
CHAPTER 4 - SPECTRUM MONITORING, SPECTRUM INSPECTION AND INVESTIGATION
Table of Contents
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Spectrum monitoring as an element of the spectrum management process
4.3 Spectrum inspection and investigation as elements of the spectrum management process
PART A - Spectrum monitoring
4.4 Monitoring to assist frequency assignment
4.5 Monitoring to assess spectrum occupancy
4.6 Monitoring for compliance with national rules and regulations
4.6.1 Detection and identification of unauthorized transmissions
4.6.2 Verification of technical and operational parameters
4.7 Monitoring to identify the source of, and, resolve interference
4.8 Monitoring facilities
4.8.1 Facilities below 30 MHz
4.8.2 Facilities above 30 MHz
4.8.3 Space monitoring
4.9 Automation of monitoring
4.9.1 Automation of routine measurements
4.9.2 Equipment to automate monitoring
4.9.3 Computer software for automation
4.10 Integration of monitoring sub-system with automated spectrum management system
4.10.1 Automatic violation detection
4.10.2 Remote access to system resources
PART B - Spectrum inspections and investigations
4.11 Inspections and investigations for compliance with national rules and Regulations
4.12 Verification of technical and operational parameters
4.13 Detection and identification of unauthorized transmissions
4.14 Inspections to identify the source of, and, resolve interference
4.15 Investigation to identify the source of, and, resolve interference
4.16 Equipment for inspections
4.17 Equipment for investigations
4.18 Remote access to system resources
ANNEX 1 TO CHAPTER 4 - Concession of radio monitoring service; The case of Argentina: an innovative solution
1 Introduction
2 International call for tenders
3 Implementation
4 Conclusion
References
Bibliography
CHAPTER 5 - SPECTRUM ENGINEERING PRACTICES
Table of Contents
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Importance of technical basis
5.1.2 Scope of the Chapter
5.2 Technical parameters
5.2.1 Equipment specifications and certification
5.2.2 Equipment parameters
5.2.3 Performance criteria
5.3 Engineering analysis tools
5.3.1 Models of propagation
5.3.2 Topographic data
5.3.3 Selection of propagation model
5.4 Interference analysis
5.4.1 Co-channel
5.4.2 Adjacent channel
5.4.3 Desensitization
5.4.4 Probability of interference
5.5 Sharing frequency bands
5.5.1 Technical basis for sharing frequency allocations (sharing between different services)
5.5.2 Sharing between land mobile and broadcasting services
5.5.3 Sharing between fixed services and broadcasting services
5.5.4 Sharing with radar systems
5.5.5 Sharing using spread spectrum techniques
5.5.6 Summary of ITU-R Recommendations on sharing between services
5.6 Protection ratios
5.7 Noise levels
5.8 Radiation limits
5.8.1 CISPR limits
5.8.2 Health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields
5.9 Site engineering considerations
5.9.1 Co-site engineering
5.9.2 Example of shared infrastructure: 3G Cellular networks
References
Bibliography
CHAPTER 6 - SPECTRUM ECONOMICS
Table of Contents
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Traditional mechanisms of financing spectrum management
6.2.1 National budget financing
6.2.2 Spectrum licence and usage fees
6.2.3 Other charges
6.2.4 Alternative methods of supporting spectrum management activities
6.3 Spectrum licencing approaches
6.3.1 First come-first served
6.3.2 Beauty contests
6.3.3 Comparative bidding
6.3.4 Lotteries
6.4 Spectrum pricing
6.4.1 Spectrum fees
6.4.2 Auctions as part of bidding approaches
6.5 Spectrum rights13
6.5.1 Spectrum rights
6.5.2 Managing a transition in spectrum funding
6.5.3 Cost of spectrum redeployment (as a method of spectrum management)
ANNEX 1 TO CHAPTER 6 - An application of spectrum pricing
ANNEX 2 TO CHAPTER 6 - Cost of spectrum redeployment
1 Interests driving the decision to redeploy spectrum
2 The cost of redeployment
3 Calculation of the redeployment cost using the residual book value
3.1 Evaluation of the cost incurred by the user on leaving the frequency band
3.2 The residual book value Vcr
3.3 Renewal costs
3.4 Calculation of the redeployment cost
4 Calculation of the redeployment cost using residual economic value
5 The redeployment fund and redeployment procedures
5.1 The redeployment fund
5.2 The redeployment procedures
Bibliography
CHAPTER 7 - AUTOMATION FOR SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT ACTIVITES
Table of Contents
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Applications to spectrum management activities
7.2.1 When automation of the spectrum management process is needed
7.2.2 The benefits of automation of the spectrum management process
7.3 Major components of an automated spectrum management system
7.4 Transition from manual to computerized systems
7.5 Conclusion
References
ANNEX 1 TO CHAPTER 7 - Development and implementation of computerized spectrum management systems by the Interna...
1 Introduction
1.1 WinBASMS development and features
1.2 WinBASMS shortcomings
ANNEX 2 TO CHAPTER 7 - Radio spectrum management in Malaysia (a case study)
ANNEX 3 TO CHAPTER 7 - Description of spectrum management and monitoring system (SAAGER)
1 Introduction
2 Spectrum Management System
2.1 Application Processing
2.2 Frequency assignment
2.2.1 Frequency assignment process
2.2.2 ITU and National Frequency Allocation Plan
2.2.3 Border coordination
2.3 Licensing
2.4 Spectrum engineering
2.5 Engineering reports
3 Spectrum monitoring
3.1 Software capabilities
3.2 Metrics measurements
3.3 Map display and control
3.4 Monitor receiver
3.5 Direction finding (DF)
3.6 Monitoring simulation for training
3.7 Spectrum monitoring system functions
3.8 Reports
4 CONATEL™s use of the system
4.1 Complaint and violation detection
4.2 Expandibility
5 Experience of others with automated spectrum management system used by CONATEL
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Application processing
5.3 Frequency assignment
5.4 Spectrum economics
5.5 Licensing
5.6 Spectrum engineering
5.7 Spectrum monitoring
ANNEX 4 TO CHAPTER 7 - Software and automation example spectrum management in Central and Eastern Europe
ANNEX 5 TO CHAPTER 7 - National frequency management in Turkey
ANNEX 6 TO CHAPTER 7 - Updating the legacy systems for spectrum management
1 Overview
1.1 Introduction
2 The challenge
3 Existing situation
3.1 Heterogeneous software environment
3.2 Heterogeneous data environment
4 Toward a modern unified integrated system
4.1 Platform selection
4.2 Analysis of client™s operations
4.3 Lessons learned building the application
4.4 Converting the data
5 Advanced frequency management system
6 Transition to the FMS
7 The future
8 Summary
ANNEX 7 TO CHAPTER 7 - National spectrum management and monitoring system in Peru
1 Introduction
1.1 System description
1.2 Benefits expected by the Ministerio de Transportes y Communicaciones
2 Spectrum management system presentation
2.1 Project implementation
2.2 System description
2.3 System users administration and security management
2.4 Administrative functions
2.4.1 Data entry interface and data definition
2.4.2 Spectrum users management
2.4.3 Workflow management and processing
2.4.4 International coordination management
2.4.5 Equipment type approval and certification
2.4.6 Licensing
2.4.7 Billing, fees processing and automatic notification of renewal
2.5. Technical analysis tools
2.5.1 Technical interface data entry
2.5.2 Engineering, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and C/I analyses
2.5.3 Frequency assignment
2.6 Interface with the spectrum monitoring system
2.7 Geographical information system (GIS)
2.7.1 GIS tool
2.7.2 MTC cartographic database configuration
2.8 Conclusion
Bibliography
CHAPTER 8 - MEASURES OF SPECTRUM UTILIZATION AND SPECTRUM UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY
Table of Contents
8.1 Introduction
8.2 First method for calculating spectrum utilization
8.2.1 Discussion
8.3 Second method for calculating spectrum utilization
8.4 Assessment of economic utilization of spectrum
8.5 Applications
8.6 Spectrum utilization of satellite systems
8.7 Measure of spectrum utilization efficiency
8.7.1 Example of spectrum utilization efficiency calculations
8.7.2 Spectrum quality index (SQI) (spectrum utilization relative to demand)
8.8 Ratio of spectrum utilization efficiencies, or relative spectrum efficiency
8.8.1 Discussion
8.8.2 RSE example for the land mobile service
8.9 Conclusions
References
Bibliography
ANNEX 1 - SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT TRAINING
1 Introduction
2 Skills required for trainees
3 Topics for courses
3.1 Recommended training for the system described in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1370; a useful example of basic traini...
3.2 On-the-job training
3.3 Detailed training; Professional development training
4 Training facilities
4.1 Training resources available through the ITU
4.1.1 The World Radiocommunication Seminar
4.1.2 Centres of Excellence
4.1.3 Virtual Training Centre
4.2 Training provided by administrations and organizations
4.2.1 Training facilities in the United States of America
4.2.2 Australian Communications Authority International Training Program
4.2.3 Training at the United Kingdom Telecommunications Academy (UKTA)
4.2.4 Israeli National Spectrum Management Course
4.2.5 The Telecommunications Executive Management Institute of Canada (TEMIC)
4.3 Training provided by Universities
4.3.1 Courses at the University of York
4.3.2 Courses at the George Washington University Centre for Professional Development
References
ATTACHMENT 1 TO ANNEX 1 - Spectrum management and monitoring training*
1 Training program
2 Course Duration
3 Courses
ATTACHMENT 2 TO ANNEX 1 - Spectrocan and LStelcom training programs*
1 Training program
2 Courses
ATTACHMENT 3 TO ANNEX 1 - Spectrum management training*
1 Training principles
2 Training programs
2.1 Administration managers training courses
2.2 Technical operators training courses
2.3 Administrative operators training courses
2.4 System™s Administrators training courses
ANNEX 2 - BEST PRACTICES FOR NATIONAL SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT