Preface Final report Table of Contents List of Tables, Figures and Boxes Table 1: Example of manufacturer tracking environmental performance in its operations Table 2: Example of manufacturer tracking how it helps operators deal with the growth in mobile data traffic in a sustainable way Table 3: Some indicators of climate change and ICT implementation in adaptation to climate change Figure 1: Global temperature difference since 1880 Figure 2: Mean sea level from 1993 through 2015 Figure 3: Global mean sea-level evolution from the 18th to the 21st centuries Figure 4: Recent monthly mean CO2 at Mauna Loa Figure 5: Arctic sea ice concentrations in September 1979 and 2003 Figure 6: Automated Surface Observing System Figure 7: Operation of Argo floats Figure 8: Evolution of estimate of ICT benefits for economic sectors Figure 9: Potential reduction by economic sector Figure 10: Twelve use cases of ICT Figure 11: Configuration Diagram Figure 12: Solar station at a mobile network site in Senegal Executive Summary 1 CHAPTER 1 – Climate change 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Increase of temperature 1.1.2 Extreme events 1.1.3 Increase of sea level 1.1.4 Increase of CO2 1.1.5 Melting ice 1.2 International initiatives on climate change 1.2.1 United Nations conferences on climate change 1.2.2 ITU and climate change 1.2.3 WMO and climate change 1.2.4 Other initiatives 2 CHAPTER 2 – Climate change monitoring 2.1 Terrestrial systems 2.2 Satellite systems 2.3 Marine systems 2.4 Airborne meteorological systems 3 CHAPTER 3 – Climate change mitigation 3.1 Positive and negative impact of ICT 3.2 Green ICT 3.2.1 The global ICT footprint 3.2.2 KPIs for ICT organizations 3.2.3 Reducing ICT energy consumption 3.3 ICT for reducing GHG emissions 3.3.1 Concerned industrial sectors 3.3.2 ICT applications for improving sustainability 3.3.3 The case of smart cities 4 CHAPTER 4 – Climate change adaptation 4.1 Adaptation of ICT equipment 4.1.1 KDDI experience in Japan 4.1.2 Orange experience in Africa 4.2 Adaptation in the industrial sector 4.3 Adaptation in the agricultural sector Abbreviations and acronyms Annexes Annex 1: Country experiences on monitoring/mitigating climate change Annex 2: List of contributions received for Question 6/2 during study period 2014‑2017