Preface
Final report
Table of Contents
List of Tables, Figures and Boxes
     Table 1: Access Network Transport (ANT) scenarios
     Table 2: Major PON technologies and properties
     Table 3: Key features of LTE-Advanced
     Table 1A: Annual growth in number of GSM users
     Table 2A: Key to Figure 5A
     Table 3A: Sub-location population 2G coverage
     Table 4A: Sub-location population 3G coverage
     Table 5A: Registered technologies in broadband rollout by operators and the Government of Rwanda
     Figure 1: Wireline and Wireless advances in theoretical downlink throughput rates (1997-2010)
     Figure 2: Wireline and Wireless advances in theoretical downlink throughput rates (2011-2015)
     Figure 3: Network configuration using Femtocell with satellite backhaul
     Figure 4: Increased peak rate offered by LTE - Advanced compared to previous 3GPP systems
     Figure 5: LTE-Advanced carrier aggregation of multiple Component Carriers (CCs)
     Figure 6: Maximum single-user spatial multiplexing supported provided in LTE-Advanced, compared to Release 8
     Figure 7: Macro Cell and Metro Cell
     Figure 8: Power Amplifier (PA) efficiency improvements
     Figure 9: Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP)
     Figure 10: Relay nodes (RN)
     Figure 11: Device evolution to support greater throughput
     Figure 12: Predictions of mobile subscriptions growth by technology
     Figure 13: Technical solution to provide broadband services in rural /remote areas
     Figure 14: Mobile data traffic by application type
     Figure 15: Interconnection between Republic of Congo and Gabon
     Figure 16: Functional scheme
     Figure 1A: County-wide full view of planning example
     Figure 2A: Rural broadband countryside application field
     Figure 3A: Growth in number of users
     Figure 4A: Growth in penetration rate
     Figure 5A: Coverage pattern in Kenya’s mobile networks services.
     Figure 6A: 3G coverage and Fibre Routes
     Figure 7A: ACE configuration diagram
     Figure 8A: Rwanda trend in total internet Subscribers as of March 2015
     Figure 9A: Internet penetration rate trend as of March 2015
     Figure 10A: Status of the fixed/mobile telephone subscriptions and fixed/mobile broadband subscription
     Figure 11A: Concept for integrated system
     Figure 12A: System architecture for the satellite component of IMT-Advanced (Rep M2176-02)
     Box 1: Case study
Executive Summary
     Introduction
1	CHAPTER 1 – General matters
     1.1	Factors influencing the effective deployment of wireline and wireless broadband access technologies and applications
     1.2	Impact of broadband access technologies on underserved populations, including persons with disabilities
     1.3	Impact of broadband university and development of innovation centers
     1.4	ICT in education – broadband access technologies
2	CHAPTER 2 – Broadband access technologies
     2.1	Broadband access technologies and their future trends
          2.1.1	Deployment considerations: wireline vs. wireless
          2.1.2	Comparisons, Mobile broadband and Fixed Access networks
          2.1.3	Wireline broadband access technologies
          2.1.4	Broadband access by fixed-satellite service systems
          2.1.5	Future trends
     2.2	Ways and means of implementing IMT, using terrestrial and satellite links
     2.3	IMT-Advanced systems
          2.3.1	LTE Advanced
          2.3.2	WirelessMAN Advanced
          2.3.3	Satellite component of IMT-Advanced
          2.3.4	Beyond IMT-Advanced: IMT-2020
          2.3.5	Conclusions
3	CHAPTER 3 – Broadband access deployment
     3.1	Methodologies for migration planning and implementation of broadband technologies, taking into account existing networks
     3.2	Policy principles
     3.3	Trends in the various broadband deployments, services offered and regulatory considerations
          3.3.1	Challenges with the deployment of NGA
          3.3.2	Broadband networks evolution through the Networked Society
          3.3.3	Main considerations for providing Broadband for rural areas
          3.3.4	The regulations for next generation networks
          3.3.5	Small cells for broadband deployments in rural areas
     3.4	Key elements in facilitating the possible deployment of systems integrating the satellite and terrestrial components of IMT
     3.5	Convention border interconnection in optical fiber
     3.6	How power companies can take part in the construction of fibre-optic FTTH networks 
4	CHAPTER 4 – Conclusions and general recommendations
Abbreviations and acronyms
Annexes
Annex 1: Country experiences
Annex 2: Impact of broadband on universities and the development of innovation centers
Annex 3: Definition of broadband
Annex 4: Other ITU Sector Relevant Recommendations and Reports
Annex 5: Information on satellite component of IMT-Advanced