Telecommunication industry in the post-COVID-19 world Acknowledgements Table of Contents Foreword List of acronyms and abbreviations Executive summary Introduction 1 The extent of the digital divide 2 Business and operating models 2.1 Wireless infrastructure sharing 2.2 Creation of wholesale rural wireless infrastructure companies 2.3 Wireline infrastructure sharing 2.4 The role of 5G in bridging the digital divide 3 Innovative financing models 3.1 Traditional project finance model 3.2 Municipal financing models 3.3 Pooled financing models as co-investment mechanisms 3.4 Public-private partnerships 3.5 Policies and regulations to reduce the cost of network development inputs 3.6 Auctions for subsidies 4 Risks to development of low-cost operating models to bridge the digital divide 5 Conclusions