{"id":611,"date":"2023-02-07T16:15:31","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T16:15:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/?page_id=611"},"modified":"2026-02-18T10:01:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T10:01:15","slug":"blockchain","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/dt-resource-hub\/blockchain\/","title":{"rendered":"Blockchain"},"content":{"rendered":"    <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n        <div data-span=\"12\">\n                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Blockchain can be a major driver and asset in the development of smart sustainable cities. With the growing possibilities of its many applications across a vast number of fields, blockchain can create new level of ease and security for communication and transactions in a smart sustainable city environment. This page comprises the latest information and literature on the topic of blockchain for smart sustainable cities, countries and industries.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you would like to share your latest report with u\u200bs to be included in the Digital Transformation Resource Hub, please cont\u200bact us at <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"mailto:digitaltransformation@itu.int\" target=\"_blank\">digitaltransformation@itu.int<\/a>.\u200b\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=496&amp;action=edit\"><\/a><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/?page_id=496\">Back to the main page of Digital Transformation Resource Hub&gt;<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Publications <\/h2>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">    <section>\n        <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n                                                <div data-span=\"4\">\n                    <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-4159 size-large\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Blockchain-general-1024x416.jpeg\" style=\"object-position:63% 45%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"63% 45%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Blockchain-general-1024x416.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Blockchain-general-300x122.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Blockchain-general-768x312.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Blockchain-general-1536x624.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Blockchain-general-2048x831.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-20 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#335565\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n                                                <div data-span=\"8\">\n                    <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\"><strong>2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>                    <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/ratings\/en\/regulatory\/article\/european-banks-are-embracing-stablecoins-with-an-eye-on-the-future-s101654757\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European Banks Are Embracing Stablecoins With An Eye On The Future<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; S&amp;P Global <\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jiel\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jiel\/jgaf050\/8439773\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stablecoins and the US Treasury market<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; Oxford University Press <\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pwc.de\/de\/unterlagen\/pwc-global-crypto-regulation-report-2026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PwC\u2019s Global Crypto Regulation Report 2026<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; PwC<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2601.00196\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SoK: Stablecoins in Retail Payments<\/a> &#8211; arxiv <\/li>\n<\/div><\/ul>\n<\/div>                    <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\"><strong>2025<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>                    <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-67265-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Database energy saving strategy using blockchain and Internet of Things<\/a> &#8211; Nature<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84837-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Secure IoT data dissemination with blockchain and transfer learning techniques<\/a> &#8211; Nature<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/stamp\/stamp.jsp?arnumber=10557507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Auditable and Verifiable Federated Learning Based on Blockchain-Enabled Decentralization<\/a> &#8211; IEEE<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/3-183\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exploring the potential of blockchain technology for citizen engagement in smart governance <\/a>&#8211; European Commission<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/workshop-takeaways-decentralised-data-and-service-architectures-web-40-16-july-2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Decentralised data and service architectures for Web 4.0<\/a> \u2013 European Commission<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/15\/15\/8577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Digital Identity Blockchain Ecosystem: Linking Government-Certified and Uncertified Tokenized Objects<\/a> \u2013 MDPI<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00207543.2025.2540450\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blockchain success in the post-adoption phase: extending the information systems success model with supply chain complexity<\/a> \u2013 Taylor &amp; Francis<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2772503025000192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blockchain technology in supply chain management: Innovations, applications, and challenges<\/a> \u2013 Elsevier<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S209672092500003X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evaluating blockchain platforms for IoT applications in Industry 5.0: A comprehensive review<\/a> \u2013 Elsevier<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<li style=\"font-size:14px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/entities\/publication\/148be1c1-6271-4883-a85e-e6a72b53f2d9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Security Token Offerings: Regulatory Approaches and Lessons from Global Case Studies<\/a> \u2013 World Bank Group<\/li>\n<\/div><\/ul>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/blockchain-more-resources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u200b\u200bMore res\u200bources from previous years&nbsp;&gt;<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":496,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-611","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"featured_image_src":null,"featured_image_src_square":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=611"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/611\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/cities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}