Abstracts
9:30 – 10:00	Opening Session: Welcome Remarks
	Chairman: Arthur Levin, Chief, Services Department, International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (ITU/TSB)
	Welcome address: Dr Awni Behnam, Commissioner General of the UN Pavilion
10:00 – 11:30	Session 1: ICTs and the reduction of GHG emissions: Reducing the carbon footprint of the ICT sector (future networks, data centers, recycling) and using ICTs to reduce GHG emissions in other sectors (smart buildings, smart girds, dematerialization).
	Moderator: Paolo Gemma, EU Senior Marketing Manager for Europe, Representative of Huawei Technologies, China and ITU-T Study Group 5 Rapporteur (Q17/5):
	Speakers:
	Arthur Levin, Chief, Services Department, International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (ITU/TSB): ICTs as a tool to combat Climate Change: An overview
	Xia Zhang, Senior Engineer, China Academy of Telecommunications Research, MIIT: Reducing carbon from ICTs - Promote the universal power chargers for ICT devices Presentation on the universal power adapter and charger solution for mobile phones and other ICT devices, reduce the e-waste, especially introduce the important new Recommendation ITU-T L.1000 (L.adapter) Universal power adapter and charger solution for mobile terminals and other ICT devices.
	Presenters:
	Raja Aida Binti Raja Shaharuddin, Student's Project/Seminar Coordinator, College of Science & Technology, UTM International Campus, Malaysia: Restructuring towards Green Computer Lab and Data Centre The practice of just replacing older computers that are no longer useful as it does not support the green computing approaches. Currently, a variety of different features for newer green desktops, laptops, servers, monitors and other computer hardware that have been produced and introduce. The main advantages of most green computers are their energy efficiencies. Most new computers are being designed to use less power more efficiently but this does not mean that the computer performance is slow. This is a move to make computers to perform more efficiently. Powerful computers require more energy which inturn generate greater amount of heat that adds to global warming. In this context, popularizing green technology in terms of reducing house gas emissions, waste and pollution towards the preservation of the environment, may generally have a small impact in comparison to the demand for computers. Green computer advocates properties such as the use of non- hazardous materials and the elimination of using heavy metals which are generally used in computer manufacturing. In addition, greenery close to building further contributes to the importance of bio-climatic functions that creates more favourable climatic conditions for the building’s inhabitants and aids in reducing overheating in the laboratory (or lab) environment, which ultimately preserves the health of mankind. Therefore, in restructuring a green computer lab and data centre , the structure of the building itself needs to be emphasized. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss three major aspects in restructuring green computer laboratory and data centre , among others, are: (i) the use of solar energy within the lab and the type of equipment used; (ii) the fixtures in the building such as air ventilation, fixtures such as skylight and minimizing the use of air conditioners and (iii) the use of recyclable materials. These efforts could provide some solutions in promoting green computer laboratory and data centre which may it be economically or ecologically, for the betterment of mankind. Keywords: Green computing, Green computer lab, Green computer, Bio-climatic functions; Global warming
	Nakarmi Bikash, J. Sangirov, M. Rakib Uddin, Y. H. Won, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Photonic Energy and Signal processing Lab, Daejeon, Republic of Korea: Efficient Approach Towards Energy Minimized Optical Network The rapid increase in Internet traffic is accelerating the demand for the higher traffic capacity in recent years. This increase in traffic drives a continued growth of telecommunication infrastructure through deploying of new technology with the transmission and switching equipment. The power drawn by IT infrastructure is receiving significant attention as it is a key contributor to greenhouse gasses. However the power drawn by the IT is comparatively lower, but growing rapidly which is a key environmental, social and political issue. Various approaches have been taken in order to overcome these problems. One approach towards it is so called “The electronics bottleneck” is to replace of electronics router which is the main power consuming component by the optical router in which optical packets are buffered and routed in optical domain. However this solution is an appealing one; still there are many questions regarding the physical size of optical buffers and switches compared to electronics to be answered before implementing it for the future growing network. A number of research papers and surveys show that hybrid (Opto-Electronics) technology will be best option for the future network considering the physical size, power required, internet traffic and others. Numbers of experiments and analysis are carried out with the optical and electronics buffer technology separately and few have discussed about the hybrid technology. However they are just limited to only other parameters like capacity, packet drops, QoS but failed to consider the power consumed by the hybrid technology which has been of growing interest in recent years. Wavelength converter in the network has the potential impact on the power consumption. So our main focus of research is to minimize the power consumed by the WCs and minimize the number of wavelength converter. Previous research shows various methods of implementing the wavelength converter using optical technology however the advancement made by the electronics technology made it more feasible on implementing the WCs using OEO converter i.e. the hybrid technology. We found that using the OEO converter for wavelength converter can significantly reduce the power consumption and our implementation record it as a reduction up to 70%. Another approach to minimize the power consumed by the wavelength converter is to minimize the number of WCs in the network. To address this issue, we have taken the heuristic approach of traffic grooming in optical network. We implement the idea of lambda run graph approach to minimize the number of WCs and hence the power of the network considering other parameters draws the constant power. The basic idea of lambda run graph approach is to bypass the node which has the same wavelength. It is constructed with the number of available group of wavelength called lambda run to represent the availabilities of wavelength converters, wavelength channels, and optical transceivers along a physical route selected for routing a new connection request. The problem of dynamic wavelength assignment that minimizes the number of wavelength conversions can be obtained through this algorithm and hence the cost and power of the optical network can be minimized. With the proposed idea, by combining these two approaches we can reduce the power consumption up to 80% than the traditional approaches of using all optical wavelength converters and routing algorithm. Hence the proposed algorithm and modification on the all optical wavelength converter has a potential to save the power consumed by today’s internet technology which can help to build the Greener IT and a Greener city.
	Yang Yang, Professor, Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications (WiCO), China: Cooperative Wireless Networks for Better Green Services During the last two decades, mobile communication systems (such as GSM, GPRS and 3G networks), wireless broadcasting networks, wireless local area networks (WLAN or WiFi), and wireless sensor networks have been successfully developed and widely deployed through different technological routes for providing a variety of communication services and applications. While making tremendous contributions to social progress and economic growth, these heterogeneous wireless networks consume a lot of energy in achieving overlapped service coverages, and at the same time generate strong electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution, especially in big cities with high building density and user population. Very timely, this talk aims to address these important issues by proposing a cross-network cooperation mechanism to effectively share network resources and infrastructures, and then adaptively control and match multi-network energy distribution characteristics according to actual user/service requirements in different geographic areas. Some key research challenges will be highlighted and discussed in detail. Initial analytical results show the proposed approach can significantly improve multi-network energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, EMI and radiation pollution, and support sustainable development of new services and applications across multiple cooperative wireless networks.
	Daniel Mauricio Amaya Madrid, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia: Wireless Networks for trade community In order to have an excellent economy in the Andean region Colombia has to implement technology in their industry at the moment is that we help students to implementing systems that help disadvantaged communities of our cities provide services for them are inaccessible because their purchasing power, such as deploying a network to which people in a specific region can access for free to offer products and services, this implementation should be done involving the state and the private sector to fund the project, taking note that after having implemented and operating a network of trade in the town can expand the network at the Internet, so that so users who originally only bought and sold staples such as clothing, shoes or food, have more products at your fingertips with just one click. To do this you must implement not only a node with their respective teams as routers and antennas; if not also have people willing to train the community to manage the platform and can themselves performs maintenance on the equipment. From the academy as students would implement the node and also would empower community also have to implement all possible applications that are within our reach as VoIP, applications to serve through the Bluetooth technology in mobile phones, also use equipment such as VeriSign company "offers prepaid service PrePayIN improved trade and settlement services themselves and billing services and next-generation OSS." Another service that we are deploying software to the allocation of appointments in the community hospitals at this time, many hospitals in Colombia which we still Another service we can implement are software for the allocation of appointments in the community hospitals at this time, many hospitals in Colombia which we still allocate appointments where patients have to go to hospital in the morning and is given a tab, the idea would be to implement a software in which accessing from home or in an internet cafe near her to ask for the appointment and what can be done at any time, in addition to having this software is easier for doctors having a database with medical records of their patients. Keywords - disadvantaged communities, applications, routers.
11:45 – 13:15	Session 2: The role of universities in building the Smart Cities of the Future: Research and Development, pilot projects, e-learning, providing wired and wireless services to citizens, e-commerce, online entertainment, sensors.
	Moderator: Mercè Griera i Fisa, European Commission, Information Society and Media Directorate-General, ICT for Sustainable Growth Unit
	Speakers:
	"European funding opportunities for Research, Development and Deployment of Smart Cities projects": Mercé Griera i Fisa
	Presenters:
	Labonnah F. Rahman, M. R. Alam, Mohd. Marufuzzaman, M.B.I. Reaz and M.A. Mohd. Ali, Dept. of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia: Smart Tracking: Usage of IPv6 in RFID system for global mobility The concept of internet is changing from the “network of computers” to the “network of things”. To recognize or sense anything a universal identification number is required. Currently, Barcode and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) systems are being used for object identification which suffers from limited address space and local mobility. In this project, IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) address will be used in RFID system which will provide a universal identification number to the objects with seamless global mobility. Instead of proprietary expensive RFID reader, the system will adopt Wireless Network Card which will be benefited by well defined IEEE 802.11 protocol. The EPC (Electronic Product Code) of conventional RFID tag will be used as MAC (Media Access Control) address in RFID-IPv6 transponder. This EPC will be mapped to IPv6 address utilizing auto configuration mechanism where 64 bit EPC will take place the EUI-64 portion of IPv6 address. As a result of this research, applications employing RFID system related to e-government, e-health, and e-commerce will be benefitted with significant cost reduction, physical location detection and globally unique address facility. Hazardous materials management under e-government systems will be able to maintain in a cost effective way without using the traditional RFID reader, physicians and healthcare professionals will be benefitted to automatically identify patient’s physical location in e-health sector. Moreover, supply chain management systems within e-commerce will discover and communicate with the product manufacturer by using globally unique address to boost up dealing time and turnover. Hence, using IPv6 in RFID transponder will be a unique solution for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and smart society to the extent that telecommunication and the Internet have.
	Daniele Trinchero, Riccardo Stefanelli and Luca Cisoni, , iXEM Labs - DELEN, Politecnico di Torino, Italy; Abdullah Kadri and Adnan Abu-Dayya, QU Wireless Innovations Center (QUWIC), Qatar; Tamer Khattab, and Mazen Hasna, Qatar University, Qatar: Wireless sensors as an efficient way to improve sustainability in water management by a significant reduction of water wasting Introduction This paper presents an ICT solution to overcome the problem of water dispersion in water distribution networks. Leakage prevention and breaks identification in water distribution networks are fundamental for an adequate use of natural resources. Nowadays, all over the world, water wasting along the distribution path reaches untenable percentages (up to 80 % in some regions). Since the pipes are buried within the terrain, typically only relevant breaks are considered for restorations: excavations are very expensive and consequently the costs to identify the position of the leakage or just the position of the pipe itself are too high [1]. To address this problem, and simplify the leakage identification process, the authors have designed a wireless network system making use of mobile wireless sensors able to detect breaks and reveal unknown tracks and monitor the pressure spectrum of the fluid flowing in the pipe. The sensors transmit the acquired data from the terrain to the surface by use of a wireless connection. On the surface ground there are stations that receive the signal, process it, and communicate with a central unit where necessary intelligent signal processing techniques are used to detect leakage sources. Compared to other leakage detection solutions already available in the market (such as: Ground penetrating radar (GPR), pure acoustic techniques and tracer gases), the proposed technique appears very efficient and much more inexpensive than the previous ones. Description of the system The proposed new solution is based on the use of a mobile wireless sensor capabable of detecting breaks and revealing unknown tracks, by monitoring the pressure spectrum of the fluid flowing in the pipe and the relative  speed within the fluid. The sensor transmits the sensed data via a wireless channel, hence it does not require a physical connection to the surface. The sensor gives an accurate detection of the leakage location and it allows an easy and repeatable identification of the track. The application of the wireless concept to the water leakage detection field allows the realization of mobile sensors able to flow together with the fluid removing the constraint that characterizes the traditional inspection techniques: the necessity of a wire between the sensor and the surface. In particular, the sensor has been realized by means of acoustic techniques, which are the most efficient in terms of leakage identification, but also strongly limited in terms of distance of application. Thanks to the mobility, the application range has been extended significantly. The proposed sensor is realized by means of a hydrophone that makes an analysis of the fluid pressure within the pipe, which is further used to recognize pipe damages or leakages, according to well known methods reported in the literature [2]. The data collected by the hydrophone is processed electronically, digitalized, stored on a flash memory and transmitted to the ground surface, thanks to a dedicated antenna design that allows wireless transmissions primarily out of the water and then within the ground. The on-board antenna and microwave circuit is designed by an innovative optimization process that takes into account the water and the pipe itself as they were antenna components. The wireless transmission is realized by means of a radio working between 200 MHz and 2500 MHz and compatible either with the IEEE 802.11 or the IEEE 802.15 standards. Thanks to the implementation of such components, the power consumption is kept within very low values and the survey can be extended over long ranges (at least 5 kilometers). The sensor is waterproofed and isolated from the water, thanks to a dedicated manufacturing process. The system design involves the minimization of the power consumption, thanks to a dedicated transmission protocol and the pre-processing of the data on-board that optimize the amount of data to be transmitted. The proposed new solution is based on the use of very low cost wireless technology: in this way the final product is cheap, as a mobile phone of average cost can be. Results Some prototypes are being realized and tested in real environments, introducing the sensors within pipes located at different depths in the ground. Experimental data show excellent performance and optimum reliability. Bibliography [1] C. Lallana and N. Thyssen. Water use efficiency (in cities): leakage. Environmental Indicator Fact Sheet, European Environment Agency, 2003. [2] Hunaidi O., Wing C., Acoustical Characteristics of Leak Signals in Plastic Water Distribution Pipes, Journal of Applied Acoustic, 1998.
	Basile Spyropoulos, Medical Instrumentation Technology Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Technological Education Institute (TEI), Greece: Smart Health Care in the city of the future: Patient treatment at home and medical data exchange in the emerging networked society 1. INTRODUCTION The modern Hospital emerged gradually and successively, during a very long historical evolution, from a religious philanthropy Institution to the contemporary managed care Establishment. The civil structure, the social demands, and the individual performance were always and are still reflected, on the Hospital, throughout the centuries. Therefore, the 21st Century Hospital will provide a radically different professional activity environment and a quite different professional-patient interaction modus; it will increasingly encourage Telemedicine supported home-care, because of the increase of mean life expectancy and the ongoing Hospital cost explosion. Its mission will be completed by a network of various associated Institutions, providing care rather closer to home-care, than to that of the traditional hospital-care. Adapting Medical and Managerial Decision Making in the modern home-care environment is a cardinal prerequisite, in order to ensure, first, an economically sustainable development of the aging population health-care, second, the rehabilitation services required for impaired persons, and finally, the psychosomatic support necessary, during the next decades. Thus, a strategic question emerges that is how home-care will be medically supervised and financially reimbursed. The presentation, by taking into account our own Research and Development experience, attempts to describe the contemporary technological trends in home-care, focusing on patient Diagnosis, Monitoring and Treatment at home and Medical Data Exchange, in the expanding networked urban and rural areas. 2. BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY TRENDS We argue that a qualitatively new “mobile” home-care is presently emerging out of the combined employment of, first, the modern wireless mobile telephony and equipment networks, second, the contemporary digital entertainment electronics, and third, the commercially available high quality and low cost computer hardware and software. This new mobile home-care allows us for to be optimistic about the reduction of patients’ unnecessary hospitalization in the near future, as well as, the dramatic reduction of the home-care cost. The miniaturization of equipment, and the falling prices trend that could be developed, by the opening of Biomedical Technology to the huge market of potential home-care equipment and material consumers, if combined with a “smart” home environment, will result in periodical, individually adapted, preventive Medical examinations at home, and, consequently, a decreasing number of patients in Hospital Wards and in Emergency Departments. Wireless vital signal monitoring and critical functions support, among high-risk patients, suffering from chronic cardiovascular, respiratory etc. diseases, combined with point of care in vitro Diagnostic testing, and supported by sophisticated portable, laptop or even PDA sized Ultrasound/Doppler equipment, allow for the creation of affordable quasi Intensive Care conditions, at home. 3. CONTINUITY OF CARE AND MEDICAL DATA EXCHANGE We argue that supporting the Continuity of Care at home demands, first, a typical Continuity of Care Record (CCR) adapted to support also the creation of a h-care plan, and second, a Prototype Ontology, based upon the Health Level Seven (HL7) Clinical Document Architecture (CDA), serving as basis for the development of Semantically Annotated Web-Services for the exchange and retrieval of home-care information. The home-care plan module should support the creation of a structured subset of data, containing the diagnostic, monitoring, treatment, and nursing activities that should be employed, during the post-discharge home-care period, based upon a Classification of Diseases (e.g. ICD-10), a Diagnosis Related Groups (e.g. AR-DRGs), and a Nursing Interventions Classification (e.g. CCC) system. The proper representation of the concepts of these documents, in terms of ontology, ensures systems’ interoperability, and allows for the creation of semantically annotated Web Services, exceeding the problems of, both, incompatible formats in messages, and that of the use of diverse vocabularies. 5. CONCLUSIONS Although, there is still a multifaceted set of problems, to be further investigated and deeper researched, there is enough evidence that the flexible hardware design and the adaptable data-exchange mechanisms presently available constitute already a useful and standard-compliant tool, for contemporary home-care.
14:15 – 15:45	Session 3: Cars and Intelligent Transport Systems: Using ICTs to green the transport industry; C2C communications, better traffic management, smart fuels, privacy.
	Moderator:
	Speakers:
	Paolo Rosa, Head, Workshops & Promotion Division, International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (ITU/TSB): ITU Fully-Networked Car initiative The periodical ITU-T Fully Networked Car workshops are in a unique position to engage with that part of industry all too often missing from the ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) discussion: the motor industry itself. This presentation will provide an overview on the ITU-T standardization related activities in this field where convergentce of ICTs equipment, speech recognition, signalling, information car and power industry can tremendously contribute to improve the life in future cities.
	Presenters:
	Phan Thanh Hoa and Takahiko Yamada, Ritsumeikan University, Japan: An integrated mobile network supporting urban activities In future, mobile multimedia network will contribute to the support of social activities more than the current cellular networks. Such a network can link social activities efficient for a better life by keeping on-line connections between not only normal mobile users but vehicular users in further due to its ability of offering high data packet transfer. For example in the modern transportation systems, in one hand, flexible traffic light control can be achieved based on the gathered notification from each car. On the other hand, the network can ask automobile the optimized speed to pass the crossing section based on the estimation of forward signaling periods. Interactive communication between network and public bus will allow periodic arrival of buses at stops while controlling the drive of buses. The mobile multimedia network can be a measure of a life safety. The mobile multimedia network is the measure of not only the intelligent transport guiding-system but also always-provide of advanced multimedia information. For example, if distance cameras are torched to the before- or on-criminal act, moving picture are reported and stored. This will contribute to the prevention of criminals. Moreover, the mobile network should be a support of communications in disaster. Some of base stations should provide back-up battery. And some of radio resources for users in ordinary operation are turned to be used for channels between base stations in case of disruption of terrestrial network. To meet some of advanced services stated above, the mobile multimedia network with the fundamental structure from connected micro-cells along roads as shown in Fig. 1 will become an essential network. It has been designed to support mobile multimedia communications of fast-moving terminals on the roads. Stationary terminals, otherwise, are assigned to hot spots or FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence). Communication traffic of moving terminals on main streets is served by the connected micro-cells. Therefore, the Macro-cellular network only handles the traffic of back streets. As a result, the connected micro-cells system can help to reduce the required radio resources in Macro-cell system as shown in Fig. 2. Three types of cellular network are allocated together in the metropolitan area as shown in Fig. 3. Those three types of cellular networks can be integrated to a ubiquitous network for each user. Mobile terminals should be provided the soft-defined radio function to allow network-to-network vertical handover. To accommodate a large number of access points for the micro-cells, PON (Passive Optical Network) which is already used for FTTH (Fiber-To-The Home) connection between many high-speed internet terminals can be a choice. In the connected micro-cells, a virtual single cell is configured based on the mechanism shown in Fig. 4. Virtual single cell operated by connection of concatenated LMC (Logical Macro Cell) that groups adjacent cells in a multicast group to create a continuous transmission environment for fast moving-terminal though parallel polling process. This paper aims to present and discusses the performance of how the connected micro-cells network can offer high-speed packet transfer to fast-moving terminal through the virtual single cell and parallel polling process that the primary contention-based known as a fundamental procedure to support for wireless packet-based network but fail for mobility support.
	Subin Shen, Professor, Vice-Director, Institute of Information Network Technology, Nanjing Univeristy of Posts & Telecommunications, China: Transport system Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) can provide functions of vehicle locating and navigating, traffic monitoring, traffic jam warning, traffic accident warning, and public traffic scheduling. Global Position System (GPS) is now used to locate vehicles. GPS and digital maps are used to navigate the vehicles. Sensor, snapshot, and video analysis are used to monitor the traffic. There is no practical way to automatic warn the traffic jams and traffic accidents. Since the Internet has no spatial semantics, it is impossible to integrate all the isolated sub-systems of ITS. So it is difficult to realize the traffic-sensible navigation. This presentation proposes a Spatial Semantic-enabled Next Generation Network (SS-NGN), which is based on Internet Protocol (IP) extended with spatial semantics. By SS-NGN, the spatial information sensed in the Physical layer can be used through IP in spatial computing in Application layer, and spatial semantic-enabled computing can be performed directly in Application layer to satisfy the requirements of ITS applications. This proposal involves the spatial attribute definitions of network nodes, the spatial coordinate reference in network systems, the adjustment mechanism between the spatial references of Physical system and network system, protocols of access to spatial coordinate reference in network system, navigating algorithms in spatial coordinate reference, deployment model of ITS based on SS-NGN, and issues of international standards associated with SS-NGN. SS-NGN can associate the spatial information of Physical layer through the IP layer with spatial computing of Application layer of Internet. So the SS-NGN based ITS can inherit the scalability and simplicity of Internet to make it easy to be deployed widely in the world. The SS-NGN can make use of the network nodes deployed along the roads to establish road-oriented spatial reference system which is consistent with physical space. The spatial attributes of network nodes can be defined associated with spatial reference systems. The deployment of SS-NGN overlaying the all roads of a city based on wired and wireless network can replace the GPS to establish a simplified ITS within the city. This SS-NGN based ITS can integrate traffic monitoring and vehicle navigating to provide traffic-sensible navigation. So it can mitigate traffic jams, make full use of roads and reduce the carbon emission.
	Sed Saad, Researcher, Waseda University and Senior Strategy, Consultant, Telecoms & Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS): Global perspectives of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) has been designed in Japan as an effort to advance and apply ICT to transport within a national Telecommunication Policy. This effort has been adopted as well in Korea. Such perspective has differ from the US and EU which have a more conventional ITS approach, as Transport Policy. Recently, based on new type of Academia-Government global partnership, MIT, in alliance with Singapore, is following such telecom approach to ITS in order to duplicate worldwide the outcome to urban areas. Abu Dhabi, on the other hand, initiates a new approach on ITS, the” zero-carbon society (2015)” for green next-generation transportation aiming to a green smart city with an ambitious pilot project, Masdar City, to be fully operational by 2015. Japan also started to advocate such vision through NEDO/METI (Ministry) with a similar project “Energy ITS” with a less ambitious vision, the “low-carbon society (2050)” Beside Government and Academia, Industry is also looking to implement such next-generation transportation, especially Nissan which adopted global strategy and new type of partnership with Governments, based on the exclusive concept of electric vehicle. Nissan, aiming to become the leader for Electric Vehicle (EV) among car makers, tackle as well the synergy of the two concepts –EV and ICT/ITS- to present the first examples of “ smart green cars”. The aim of this paper is (1) to review different initiatives on a global level involving Academia, Government and Industry (2) to unify such initiatives within an original framework and (3) to propose some recommendations to support the vision of future sustainable green smart cities enabled by ICT 1-Different relevant initiatives and perspectives   ACADEMIA GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY Areas USA MIT     Smart Cars Singapore MIT Singapore   ICT Singapore   Singapore MHI ITS Japan Waseda Japan Nissan ITS Japan   Global Government Nissan-Renault EV-ICT Emirates MIST-MIT Abu Dhabi   Smart City Emirates   Abu Dhabi MHI Transport           2-Convergence of different initiatives under the motto “One World One UN” Projects learning from each other 3-Recommendations for future sustainable green smart cities enabled by ICT Need for new type of partnership models as well as new business models
	Oscar Armando Contreras and Yuly Jazmin Oviedo Melo, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia: Diagnosis of Pollution from vehicles: Meet the level of contamination of your vehicle and learn how to reduce  Vehicular congestion contributes 53% of air pollution in Bogota, this city environment is still below international standards, Since the limit sets the level of concentration of material clean items (PM10) in 50.00 ug/m3 and in 2008 was recorded in Bogotá a concentration of 67.00 ug/m3, 17 points above the international boundary, although it should be noted that compared to 2007 fell by 4 points this concentration in the air. This concentration of PM10 in the air is the cause of 20% of respiratory diseases according to a study conducted by the District Health Secretariat and the Ministry of Environment in 2006. Colombian law requiring all vehicles certified Gases, which is issued once a year, but in this time interval is not reliable as the vehicle is kept in top shape to reduce air pollution In today's market there are companies that provide services to owners in their vehicles as voice services, addressing road safety (vehicle location in case of theft), sudden changes of speed, all this using GPRS technology, in this same way is viable to install electronic sensors on the vehicle to check the levels of contamination of this, sensors for measuring CO2 levels would be located in the exhaust of the automobile and other sensors to be taking other values such as engine oil levels, recording time since last maintenance, etc. With these data, a diagnosis would be made through a web platform, indicating the driver's action to be taken to reduce levels of air pollution. Although currently there are modern cars that run on electricity is not available to everyone and this solution can be installed in conventional vehicles. The technologies exist for different uses for commercial level, so it is important that meets the legislative role of governments to protect the environment and thus implemented through laws such as mandatory as this.
16:00 – 17:30	Session 4: Climate Change: Key issues for the green cities of the future: using ICTs to improve social conditions, e-government and e-health, promoting safe environments and identifying new strategies to adapt to and mitigate climate change.
	Moderator: Arthur Levin, Chief, Services Department, International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (ITU/TSB)
	Speakers:
	Presenters:
	D.M. Totev, P.Chakalisa, and D.Mapolelo, e-Government Researach Group, University of Botswana, Gaborone: The Green Developing World or How the developing world becomes developed After the Copenhagen World Summit on Climate Change one might get an impression there is an unbridged division between Developed and Developing economies. At a closer look however, the differences are more politically rather than economically based. In reality the Developing countries could even benefit from the climate predicament, because, on one hand, they are not repeating the macroeconomic mistakes of the Developed world and, on the other hand, new low carbon industries could solve most of their socio-economic problem and increase their world significance. It sound like a fantasy, but this paper tries to prove that it is quite possible such things to happen without the necessity of billions of investment. The major economic areas which could contribute to the success of the proposed transformation are: Transport industry Information Technology (IT) industry and Education Green industry Research and Development Transport industry should be considered in broader terms as a system with the following main subsystems: National fleet Transport infrastructure Fuel supply and gas emission monitoring Maintenance and spares The last subsystem provides a technological link with IT industry and Education. The national fleet of Developing economies, as a norm, is made up of older models without any limit on their exhaust gas emissions. Thus, the very first task is to create a database of the individual vehicle emissions at a national level. Such an exercise could provide temporarily employment, mainly for young people, e.g. school leavers, university/college graduates. The necessary equipment is a standalone computer and a gas monitoring module installed on the computer. The same equipment could be re-used later on when it comes to fuel supply and gas emission monitoring The total cost is about €700-800 per system. It will take not more than a year to prepare and submit a report to the relevant Government office on gas emissions at national level. At this point the Government has enough information to start negotiations with car manufacturers to trade the potential reduction of CO2 and other gases, if the old models are replaced by new ones. Obviously, such a Government scheme is a win-win approach to all parties concerned and could be supported by IMF as well. In addition sorted scrap out of the dismantled old vehicles could be offered in the form of pre-processed row materials, i.e. a new light industry is set-up and more job opportunities secured. The experience of Japan in this respect could be very useful. The corner stone of the Government scheme is a package of a few brand models only, plus infrastructure shares. The idea is that road quality is directly linked to gas emissions and maintenance cost and a bigger quota of vehicles could reduce their cost. The limit of a few models could contribute to improved maintenance as well, consequently further reduction of gas emissions, and bigger participation of world automotive industry in infrastructure projects. At the same time, university departments, technical colleges and vocational centres could start training professionals to maintain and develop the most sensitive part of modern vehicles – the Engine Control Unit (ECU) – with respect to gas emissions. The learning process could be based on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) which does not require big additional investment, e.g. component 16F84A costs less than 50 cents apiece and the programming unit is about €40 (demo is available). Since the proposed Government scheme is not compulsory, other brand models could be found on the market, but their gas emissions should be checked every time they are re-fuelled. In case their emissions are out of range, the price of fuel is changed accordingly, stimulating the use of eco friendly vehicles only. But this is a new fuel supply industry closely linked to the green policy of Government. The social and economic importance of Green industry is obvious and it could contribute further to the development of CO2 trading of the Government. A visionary Government could invest in research and development projects as well, e.g. to develop a better engine with less emissions. Typical example is Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine developed by SAAB and other inventors of the Developing world. Such cooperative work could be the beginning of a new greener automotive industry. In this way after 10-15 years a developing economy could join the club of the Developed world utilising the pressing necessity for alleviating the negative impact of climate change.
	Heiler Yesid Ledezma Leudo and Heicer Enrique Ledezma Leudo, Researchers, Foundation of the Pacífic for the Advance of the Science and the Technology - FUPACTECNO, Bogota,Colombia: Web territorial domains '.xx': Powerful tools of ICTs to offset GHG's emissions It is known that the big extensions of vegetation generate big quantities of breathable oxygen (O2). So that the vegetation is necessary to get a reasonable balance between the Oxygen and the Greenhouse gases (GHG), which are the principal causers of the climatic change, and therefore of the global warming. In this scene (stage), it is indispensable for the survival of the human species and all the species that live (inhabit) the planet, that the concentrations of oxygen (O2) are kept in the highest of the balance. Nevertheless, it seems that the current transformations take place to a major pace that the previous ones to the industrial age. UNESCO has catalogued a great list of sites (places) worldwide as natural and cultural patrimonies [1]. In the world context it is known that the major percentage of developing countries are in Africa [2] and Latin America and the Carib [3]. If we center in the natural patrimonies as axis (axle) of the subject matter of the present text, in the list published by UNESCO [4], [5], it is evident that the sum of natural patrimonies of Africa, Latin America and the Carib is of 68, and exceeds for much the sum of natural patrimonies of continents with major concentration of countries developed as the sum of Asia and Oceania (they add 48), and North America and Europe (they add 56). The Bio-geographical Choco [6, 7] is a natural neo-tropical corridor that initiates its limits from the north up to the south like that: From Darién's province to the east of Panama, crossing for the whole Colombian west up to the northwest of the Ecuador and it ends in the north end of Peru. Its great platform possesses: Coral mantles, mountains full of wild life, immense rivers, humedales and tidelands bordered of exotic vegetation with swamps, which they make bio-diverse to the Bio-geographical Choco, a natural exchequer that the international community should help to preserve. But this conservation will not come automatically. It is necessary to give to it an impulse. This impulse would have been extremely difficult some decades before because of the lack of access to the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) largely of the world population. But though still (yet) today coverage is absent and is necessary to extend the percentage of penetration in many countries, the percentages (indexes) of penetration worldwide are encouraging in the medium and long term [8], which converts the ICT into a potential and powerful tool for to create conscience for the world population about the need to preserve his natural patrimonies, for example in Colombia for Bio-geographical Choco, which possesses big territories protected as natural world patrimonies [9]. In the present, the only way that the governments have of getting a lawful content in the web pages, is across the web 'territorial domains', that is to say, the pages that at the end of its web address they include for example: '.co ' for Colombia, '.br ' for Brazil, '.pe ' for Peru, and more. These ' territorial domains' possess the particularity of which to acquire them (unlike the web pages that do not possess them) it is necessary that the institution that tries to obtain it is due registered in the state competent organism (organisation), which demand certain fundamental requirements to acquire such web territorial domains. The authors of the present document propose to the ITU a small web slogan (button) environmentalist against GHG (Green image) to standardize it across procedure, regulations, standards, publications, agreements, conferences, congresses, and more. To promote mechanisms of pressure directed to the governments worldwide for: To determine that one of the fundamental requirements to obtain web territorial domains in every country is that the web page contains at least a link notably visibly (preferably in the headline of the web page) with the small web slogan (button) environmentalist which carries to serious and respectable web pages of organisms (organisations) environmentalists throughout the world accepted that they promote the world creation of conscience for conservation of the natural patrimonies of the country and decrease of GHG's generating elements. Green image. Web slogan (button) proposed by the authors. This way, the exponential growth of the networks (nets) of information would stimulate the growth of the environmental creation of conscience worldwide, for example, the web pages of social networks (nets), seekers, and blogs would stimulate that growth obligatorily. This would represent a great advance in Colombia and all the world. Of this way, the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) are the simplest form in order that the Colombian government and the international governments would help to offset the global warming with the Bio-geographical Choco in Colombia and the natural patrimony in the world. [1] http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ [2] http://www.uianet.org/documents/adhesion/Lista_paises_desarrollo.pdf [3] http://www.uv.es/~psudnord/Beques/Residencia/Anexo2Listado%20paises.pdf  [4] http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ [5] http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrimonio_de_la_Humanidad [6] http://www.amatea.org/choco.php  [7] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKH2nqy0EO8 [8] http://www.itu.int/net/itunews/issues/2010/01/10-es.aspx  [9] http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/711
17:30 – 18:00	Presentation of Awards and Conclusions

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