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ITU-T G.657 (11/2016)

Características de las fibras y cables ópticos monomodo insensibles a la pérdida por flexión

En todo el mundo, las tecnologías de las redes de transporte y de las redes de acceso de banda ancha avanzan a un ritmo acelerado. Entre ellas, la tecnología de fibras monomodo es un medio de transmisión de gran capacidad que puede dar respuesta a la creciente demanda de servicios de alta velocidad y de banda ancha.
Se ha adquirido una vasta experiencia con la instalación y el funcionamiento de redes basadas en cables y fibras monomodo, y en la Recomendación UIT-T G.652 se describen sus características sobre la base de dicha experiencia. No obstante, la utilización específica de fibras y cables en una red óptica de acceso plantea distintas exigencias que inciden en su calidad de funcionamiento óptima. Las diferencias en comparación con su uso en la red de transporte general obedecen principalmente a la alta densidad de distribución y cables de derivación en la red de acceso. A causa de las limitaciones de espacio y las numerosas manipulaciones, la fibra debe ser fácil de manipular y poco sensible a la flexión. Además, es necesario mejorar el cableado puesto que las oficinas de telecomunicaciones suelen estar atestadas y por ende el espacio es un factor que impone limitaciones. Además, también puede considerarse que existen limitaciones de espacio en determinadas zonas de la red de transporte, donde puede ser ventajoso disponer de cables optimizados frente a la flexión.
La finalidad de la Recomendación UIT-T G.657 es promover esa optimización recomendando a tales efectos cables y fibras mucho más resistentes a la flexión en comparación con los cables y fibras monomodo G.652. Ello se logra introduciendo dos clases de fibras monomodo: una de clase A, en total conformidad con las fibras monomodo G.652 y que puede instalarse en la red de acceso. La otra, la clase B, no es necesariamente conforme con la Recomendación UIT-T G.652, pero puede acusar menores pérdidas por macroflexión para radios de curvatura muy bajos y está concebida para su uso en el interior de edificios o cerca de ellos (p. ej., en el cableado fuera del edificio). Las fibras de esta clase B son compatibles a nivel de sistema con la fibra óptica de las redes de acceso descritas en la Recomendación UIT-T G.657.A (y en la Recomendación UIT-T G.652.D).
Esta cuarta edición de la Recomendación UIT-T G.657 modifica, entre otras cosas, la utilización de las fibras de clase A para todas las aplicaciones (redes de acceso y redes de transporte general) en las que se utilizan fibras UIT-T G.652.D, que ahora presentan características mejoradas frente a la flexión.

Citation:	https://handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/13078
Series title:	G series: Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks G.600-G.699: Transmission media and optical systems characteristics G.650-G.659: Optical fibre cables
Approval date:	2016-11-13
Approval process:	AAP
Status:	In force
Observation:	The file initially posted on 13 February 2017 was replaced on 11 May 2017 to update the History section.
Maintenance responsibility:	ITU-T Study Group 15
Further details:	Patent statement(s) Development history

Ed.	ITU-T Recommendation	Status	Summary	Table of Contents	Download
4	G.657 (11/2016)	In force	here	here	here
3	G.657 (10/2012)	Superseded	here	here	here
2.1	G.657 (2009) Amd. 1 (06/2010)	Superseded	here	here	here
2	G.657 (11/2009)	Superseded	here	here	here
1	G.657 (12/2006)	Superseded	here	here	here


ITU-T Supplement	Title	Status	Summary	Table of contents	Download
G Suppl. 4 (12/1972)	Certain methods of avoiding the transmission of excessive noise between interconnected systems	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 5 (10/1984)	Measurement of the load of telephone circuits under field conditions	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 7 (12/1972)	Loss-frequency response of channel-translating equipment used in some countries for international circuits	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 8 (12/1972)	Method proposed by the Belgian telephone administration for interconnection between coaxial and symmetric pair systems	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 17 (10/1984)	Group-delay distortion performance of terminal equipment	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 19 (10/1984)	Digital crosstalk measurement (method used by the Administrations of France, the Netherlands and Spain)	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 22 (10/1984)	Mathematical models of multiplex signals	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 26 (10/1984)	Estimating the signal load margin of FDM wideband amplifier equipment and transmission systems	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 27 (10/1984)	Interference from external sources	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 28 (10/1984)	Application of transmultiplexers, FDM codecs, data-in-voice (DIV) systems and data-over-voice (DOV) systems during the transition from an analogue to a digital network	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 32 (11/1988)	Transfer of alarm information on 60-channel transmultiplexing equipment	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 34 (11/1988)	Temperature in underground containers for the installation of repeaters	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 35 (11/1988)	Guidelines concerning the measurement of wander	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 36 (11/1988)	Jitter and wander accumulation in digital networks	In force	-	-	here
G Suppl. 39 (02/2016)	Optical system design and engineering considerations	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 40 (10/2018)	Optical fibre and cable Recommendations and standards guideline	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 41 (02/2018)	Design guidelines for optical fibre submarine cable systems	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 42 (10/2018)	Guide on the use of the ITU-T Recommendations related to optical fibres and systems technology	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 43 (02/2011)	Transport of IEEE 10GBASE-R in optical transport networks (OTN)	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 44 (06/2007)	Test plan to verify B-PON interoperability	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 45 (09/2022)	Power conservation in optical access systems	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 46 (05/2009)	G-PON interoperability test plan between optical line terminations and optical network units	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 47 (09/2012)	General aspects of optical fibres and cables	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 48 (06/2010)	10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks: Interface between media access control with serializer/deserializer and physical medium dependent sublayers	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 49 (09/2020)	Rogue optical network unit (ONU) considerations	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 50 (09/2011)	Overview of digital subscriber line Recommendations	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 51 (06/2017)	Passive optical network protection considerations	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 52 (09/2012)	Ethernet ring protection switching	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 53 (12/2014)	Guidance for Ethernet OAM performance monitoring	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 54 (07/2015)	Ethernet linear protection switching	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 55 (12/2023)	Radio-over-fibre (RoF) technologies and their applications	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 56 (02/2016)	OTN transport of CPRI signals	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 57 (07/2015)	Smart home profiles for 6LoWPAN devices	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 58 (12/2023)	Optical transport network module framer interfaces	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 59 (02/2018)	Guidance on optical fibre and cable reliability	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 60 (09/2016)	Ethernet linear protection switching with dual node interconnection	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 62 (02/2018)	Gfast certification	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 64 (02/2018)	PON transmission technologies above 10 Gb/s per wavelength	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 65 (10/2018)	Simulations of transport of time over packet networks	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 66 (09/2020)	5G wireless fronthaul requirements in a passive optical network context	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 67 (07/2019)	Application of optical transport network Recommendations to 5G transport	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 68 (12/2023)	Synchronization operations, administration and maintenance requirements	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 69 (09/2020)	Migration of a pre-standard network to a metro transport network	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 70 (09/2020)	Supplement on sub 1 Gbit/s services transport over optical transport network	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 71 (12/2023)	Optical line termination capabilities for supporting cooperative dynamic bandwidth assignment	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 72 (04/2021)	Modelling consideration for optical media networks	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 73 (10/2021)	Influencing factors on quality of experience for multiview video (MVV) services	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 74 (12/2021)	Network slicing in a passive optical network context	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 75 (12/2021)	5G small cell backhaul/midhaul over TDM-PON	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 76 (12/2021)	Optical transport network security	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 77 (06/2022)	Supplement 77 to ITU-T G-series of Recommendations - Influencing factors on quality of experience (QoE) for video customized alerting tone (CAT) and video customized ringing signal (CRS) services	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 78 (09/2022)	Use case and requirements of fibre-to-the-room for small business applications	In force	here	here	here
G Suppl. 79 (12/2023)	Latency control and deterministic capability over a PON system	In force	here	here	here

Title	Approved on	Download
Roadmap for QoS and QoE in the ITU-T Study Group 12 context (TR-RQ)	2023	here
Optical fibre, cable, and components for space division multiplexing transmission	2022	here
Considerations on the use of GNSS as a primary time reference in telecommunications	2020	here
Use of G.hn in industrial applications	2020	here
Technical Report on Optical fibres, cables and systems	2015	here
Optical fibres, cables and systems	2009	here

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ITU-T Recommendations

ITU-T G.657 (11/2016)