Recommendation ITU-T L.1035 (02/2022) Sustainable management of batteries
Summary
History
FOREWORD
Table of Contents
Introduction
1 Scope
2 References
3 Definitions
     3.1 Terms defined elsewhere
     3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation
4 Abbreviations and acronyms
5 Conventions
6 Types of battery used in ICTs
     6.1 Primary (non-rechargeable) batteries
     6.2 Secondary (rechargeable) batteries
     6.3 The categorization of batteries based on type and composition
7 Steps in the environmentally sound management of waste batteries
     7.1 Pre-processing
          7.1.1 Collection and transport from collection sites to temporary storage and pre-treatment facilities
               7.1.1.1 Collection of nickel-cadmium
               7.1.1.2 Collection of lithium-ion batteries
               7.1.1.3 Collection of lead-acid batteries
                    7.1.1.3.1 Transport of lead-acid batteries
          7.1.2 Temporary storage
               7.1.2.1 Temporary storage of lead-acid batteries
          7.1.3 Storing at the recycling plant
     7.2 Safety requirements for handling waste batteries by recyclers and workers
          7.2.1 Safety procedures for lead-acid battery handling to avoid and minimize exposure to hazardous substances [b-BaselWLABTM]
               7.2.1.1 Hazardous chemicals in lead-acid batteries and health effects on humans due to acute and chronic exposure to lead
               7.2.1.2 Occupational surveillance and prevention of lead exposure in the workplace
     7.3 Best technologies for recycling wasted batteries based on their types
          7.3.1 Lead-acid batteries [b-BAT/BEP Egypt]
          7.3.2 Rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries [b-BAT/BEP Egypt]
          7.3.3 Lithium-ion batteries
          7.3.4 Alkaline batteries [b-BAT/BEP Egypt]
          7.3.5 Silveroxide batteries [b-BAT/BEP Egypt]
          7.3.6 Mercury batteries [b-BAT/BEP Egypt]
8 Regulations, policies and legislation
     8.1 Examples of regulatory frameworks to manage waste batteries
          8.1.1 Introduction
          8.1.2 European Battery Directive
          8.1.3 The concept of a battery identity global passport
     8.2 Recommendations on legislation, regulations, and management plans for waste batteries
Appendix I  Best practice – The case of Côte d'Ivoire
     I.1 Introduction
     I.2 Description of batteries
     I.3 Origins of electrical and electronic waste
          I.3.1 Local origin
          I.3.2 External origin
     I.4 Collection, sorting, dismantling and recycling techniques
     I.5 Risks linked to used batteries
     I.6 Reaction of the government of Côte d'Ivoire
          I.6.1 Establishment of a national programme for the management of electrical and electronic waste
          I.6.2 Creating a legal and institutional framework
               I.6.2.1 Legal framework
                    I.6.2.1.1 National level
                    I.6.2.1.2 International and regional level
               I.6.2.2 Institutional framework
                    I.6.2.2.1 The Ministry of the Environment, Urban Waste Management and Sustainable Development
                    I.6.2.2.2 Other entities
     I.7 Private sector involvements in the management of WEEE in Côte d'Ivoire
          I.7.1 PARO-CI
          I.7.2 MTN Côte d'Ivoire
          I.7.3 Batterie Plus (battery recycling and regeneration company)
     I.8 Conclusion
Appendix II  Current practices for safe management and disposal of batteries in Egypt
     II.1 Cost effectiveness analysis for batteries
Bibliography
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