Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
Annex 1 Technical and operational aspects of ground-based meteorological
radars
1 Introduction
2 Overview
2.1 Radar equation for single target
2.2 Meteorological radar equation
3 General meteorological radars principles
3.1 Example of meteorological radar operation in the frequency band
2.7-2.9 GHz
3.1.1 Precipitation estimation
Example of meteorological radar operation in the frequency band 5.6-5.65 GHz
3.1.2 Precipitation measurements principle
3.2 Wind measurements principle
3.3 Example of meteorological radar operation in portions of the
frequency range 8.5‑10.5 GHz
4 Comparison of meteorological radars to other radars
4.1 Specificities with regards to emission schemes and scanning
strategies
4.2 Specificities related to noise calibration
5 Operational modes for meteorological radar
5.1 Clear air mode
5.2 Precipitation mode
6 Meteorological radar data products
6.1 Conventional meteorological radar base data products
6.1.1 Base reflectivity
6.1.2 Mean radial velocity
6.1.3 Spectrum width
6.2 Dual polarization meteorological radar products
6.2.1 Differential reflectivity
6.2.2 Correlation coefficient
6.2.3 Linear depolarization ratio
6.2.4 Specific differential phase
6.3 Derived data products
7 Antenna pattern and antenna dynamics
7.1 Volume scan antenna movement
7.2 Other antenna movement strategies
7.3 Antenna patterns
8 Effects of interference and solar noise on meteorological radars
8.1 Impact of interference on modes of operation
8.2 Impact of interference upon base products
8.3 Mathematical derivation of meteorological radar protection
criteria
8.4 Types of possible interference
8.4.1 Impact of a constant interference
8.4.2 Impact of pulsed interference
8.4.3 Impact of a time-varying interference
8.5 Conclusions on meteorological radars protection criteria
9 Impact of wind turbines
9.1 Masking
9.2 Clutter
9.3 Backscattered energy from turbulent eddies
9.4 Examples of wind turbine clutter
9.5 Impact of wind turbine clutter on meteorological radar
operations and forecasting accuracy
10 Previous tests of meteorological radar systems
11 Future tests
12 Propagation models
13 Future trends
14 Summary
Annex 2 Characteristics of meteorological radars
1 Meteorological radars in the frequency band 2 700-2 900 MHz
2 Meteorological radars in the frequency range 5 250-5 725 MHz
3 Meteorological radars in the frequency band
9 300-9 500 MHz