CONTENTS

Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)     ii
RECOMMENDATION  ITU-R  M.1177-3^,      1
Techniques for measurement of unwanted emissions of radar systems     1
Scope     1
Annex 1  Measurement of unwanted emissions of radar systems  as detailed in recommends 1 and 2     2
1 Introduction  2
2 Reference bandwidth  2
3 Measurement bandwidth and detector parameters  3
        3.1 Measurements within the out-of-band (OoB) domain  4
        3.2 Measurements within the spurious domain  5
                  3.2.1 Correction of the measurement within the spurious domain  5
                  3.2.2 Correction of the measurement data to the peak envelope power (PEP) 5
4 Measurements for multiple pulse or multimode radars  7
5 Dynamic range of the measurement system   7
6 Direct methods  8
        6.1 Measurement environment conditions  8
        6.2 Measurement hardware and software  8
                  6.2.1 Manually controlled measurement system   11
                  6.2.2 Automatically controlled measurement system   12
        6.3 Measurement system calibration  13
                  6.3.1 Manual direct method  13
                  6.3.2 Automatic direct method  14
        6.4 Measurement procedure  14
                  6.4.1 Manual method  14
                  6.4.2 Automatic method  15
                  6.4.3 Indirect method  16
Appendix 1 to Annex 1  Direct method detailed description of procedures and software     21
Step 1:  determine a measurement location     21
Step 2:  set up the measurement system and check for unwanted feed-through signals     22
Step 3:  determine radar emissions parameters     23
Step 4:  calibrate the measurement system     23
Step 5:  configure measurement system software (automatic method only)     23
Step 6:  check for linearity during the measurement     23
Step 7:  measure the radar in more than one IF bandwidth (recommended but not required)     24
Appendix 2 to Annex 1  Gain and noise figure calibration using a noise diode     24
Appendix 3 to Annex 1  Measurement of pulse width and pulse rise/fall times     27
1 Introduction  27
2 Measurements for conventional radars  28
        2.1 Hardline‑coupled pulse measurements  28
        2.2 Radiated coupled pulse measurements  29
        2.3 Notes on the radiated pulse measurement procedure  30
3 Measurements for advanced technology radars  31
        3.1 Hardline coupled pulse measurements  31
        3.2 Radiated coupled pulse measurements  32
        3.3 Use of reference materials to determine pulse characteristics  32
Appendix 4 to Annex 1  Calculation of gain correction factors for a planar antenna array  using a software program written in BASIC     32
Annex 2  Measurement of unwanted emissions of radar systems  as detailed in recommends 2 and 3     34
1 Introduction  34
2 Reference bandwidth  35
3 Measurement bandwidth and detector parameters  35
4 Dynamic range of the measurement system   36
5 Direct method  36
        5.1 Measurement hardware and software  37
                  5.1.1 Antenna  37
                  5.1.2 Clear channel advisor 38
                  5.1.3 RF front-end  38
                  5.1.4 Manually controlled measurement system   38
6 Indirect method  39