Broadband: A platform forprogress
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
FOREWORD
A living resource for broadband development
Contents
1 – Introduction and Executive Summary
1.1 Broadband: a platform for progress
1.1.1 A coordinated trans-sectoral approach
1.1.2 Looking at the details
1.2 What is broadband?
1.3 Why is broadband important?
1.4 Content, creativity and capacity building
1.5 What can broadband deliver?
1.6 How can broadband be deployed?
1.6.1 Infrastructure considerations
1.6.2 Country case studies
1.7 Policy issues
1.8 Broadband for the future
2 – What is broadband?
2.1 Possible definitions
2.1.1 Quantitative indicators
2.1.2 Qualitative indicators
2.1.3 Combining both options
2.1.4 Special considerations for developing countries
2.1.5 A working definition
2.2 A snapshot of the status of broadband
2.2.1 The worldwide picture
2.2.2 The gaps in affordability and rural access
2.2.3 A regional perspective
3 – Why is broadband important?
3.1 The Economic Impact of Broadband
3.2 Direct and indirect benefits
3.3 Economic impact of building or upgrading infrastructure
3.4 The spill-over effects of broadband infrastructure
3.4.1 Productivity
3.4.2 Innovation
3.4.3 Restructuring the value chain
3.5 Overall impact on economic growth
3.6 The way forward
4 – Content, creativity and capacity building
4.1 Introduction: building inclusive Knowledge Societies
4.1.1 The Information For All Programme
4.2 Freedom of expression
4.2.1 Protective regulation - net neutrality
4.3 Universal access to information and knowledge
4.3.1 Inclusiveness of access - broadband as an equalizer
4.3.2 Digital preservation and access to heritage
4.3.3 Open access
4.3.4 Free and open source software (FOSS)
4.4 Respect for cultural and linguistic diversity
4.4.1 The importance of a multilingual Internet
4.5 Quality Education for All
4.5.1 Open Educational Resources
4.6 Conclusion
5 – What can broadband deliver?
5.1 The rise of the digital economy
5.1.1 Digital economy - key developments
5.2 Cloud computing
5.2.1 Cloud computing and national broadband networks
5.3 E-commerce
5.3.1 Online advertising
5.3.2 Marketing as a provider of broadband content
5.4 Looking ahead: the potential of e-commerce in China
5.4.1 China's government e-commerce projects
5.4.2 China's e-payment systems
5.5 E-payments and e-banking
5.5.1 Internet banking
5.6 M-commerce
5.6.1 M-commerce and near field communications
5.7 M-payments
5.7.1 International money transfer services
5.7.2 Can m-payment services be profitable in developing countries?
5.7.3 Micro-payments
5.7.4 Standardized infrastructure required
5.8 M-banking
5.9. E-government
5.9.1 Benefits of e-government
5.9.2 Barriers to e-government
5.10 E-health
5.10.1 Massive costs of healthcare
5.10.2 E-Health - Compelling applications on broadband
5.10.3 Recent developments
5.10.4 Estonia's e-health evolution
5.10.5 Urgent rethink needed about e-health delivery
5.10.6 E-health: Supply and demand
5.11 E-Education
5.11.1 The e-education market
5.11.2 Recent trends and developments
5.11.3 Case study: Australia
5.11.4 Developments in Africa
5.11.5 Digital education approaching reality
5.12 E-Science
5.12.1 Citizens' e-science
5.12.2 International collaboration through the grid
5.13 Smart grids
5.13.1 The global smart grid market
5.13.2 Australia and the United States - two leading markets
5.13.3 Smart meters
5.13.4 Utilities need to be modernized
5.13.5 Smart grids - potentially disruptive business models
5.13.6 Key alliances
5.13.7 Smart grids for the developing world
5.13.8 Smart grids and climate change
5.14 Smart buildings, communities and cities
5.14.1 Building smart cities to ease stress on resources
5.14.2 Key components of smart cities
5.14.3 Examples of Smart Communities
5.14.4 Benchmarking studies in Europe
5.14.5 Intelligent Communities Forum
5.15 Environmental monitoring and emergency response
5.15.1 Collecting and sharing data
5.15.2 Weather information for all around Lake Victoria
5.15.3 Emergency communications
5.16 Broadband and climate change
6 –How broadband can be deployed
6.1 Creating infrastructure for the 21st century
6.2 Elements of a robust infrastructure
6.2.1 Optical fibre network linking major hubs:
6.2.2 Local high-bandwidth connections to individual premises:
6.2.3 Robust broadband wireless infrastructure
6.3 Assessing the status of infrastructure
6.4 Options for next-generation FTTH and FTTB networks
6.4 1 Vertically-integrated carrier
6.4.2 Wholesale active carrier
6.4.3 Wholesale passive carrier
6.5 Wireless broadband infrastructure
6.5.1 Mobile broadband
6.5.2 Mobile's need for fibre
6.5.3 The spectrum issue
6.5.4 Towards the fourth generation (4G)
6.5.5 Growth of mobile broadband data services
6.5.6 Satellite services
6.6 Examples of infrastructure deployment and national policy
6.6.1 Jordan
6.6.2 Sweden
6.6.3 Lithuania
6.6.4 Angola
6.6.5 Morocco
6.6.6 Malaysia
6.6.7 Brazil
6.6.8 United States
6.6.9 New Zealand
6.6.10 Singapore
6.6.11 Australia
7 – Policy andregulatory issues
7.1 What will it take to bring broadband to the masses?
7.2 Key Issues in promoting broadband in developing countries
7.3 Providing incentives for network investment
7.3.1 Optimizing open market entry
7.3.2 Competition for connectivity
7.3.3 The role of foreign ownership
7.3.4 Addressing persistent gaps in the market
7.3.5 The government’s role
7.4 Competition and industry regulation
7.4.1 Backbone and international connectivity issues
7.4.2 Funding broadband deployment
7.4.3 Enforcing competition in the broadband market
7.5 Broadband licensing
7.5.1 Consistent licensing and authorization frameworks
7.5.2 Using licensing to encourage broadband deployment
7.5.3 Technology neutrality
7.6 Optimizing the use of radio-frequency spectrum
7.6.1 Evolution of spectrum assignments
7.6.2 Spectrum pricing
7.6.3 Demand exceeds supply
7.7 Promoting open networks
7.7.1 Enabling new technologies
7.7.2 VoIP — a prime example of a broadband service
7.7.3 Policing the open functioning of the market
7.7.4 Preventing market foreclosure due to dominance
7.7.5 Mandating openness
7.7.6 Anticipated benefits of competition and innovation
7.7.7 Operational and technical realities
7.7.8 Impact on investment
7.7.9 Open processes, standardization and intellectual property
7.8. Infrastructure sharing and open access
7.8.1 Access to public and private property
7.8.2 Sharing passive telecommunication infrastructure
7.8.3 Common approaches depend on political will
7.9 Universal access to broadband
7.10 Responding to the broadband challenge
8 – Broadbandfor the future