CONTENTS

 

 1     Introduction  29
 
2     Characteristics of radiocommunication services  29
        2.1     Characteristics and protection criteria of radiocommunication services  29
        2.2     Categories of victim receivers  29
 
3     UWB characteristics  30
        3.1     Characteristics of devices using UWB technology  30
                  3.1.1     Multi-carrier/multi-band signalling  30
                  3.1.2     Time hopping  30
        3.2     UWB applications  31
                  3.2.1     Applications of pervasive ultra-wideband radio systems (PULSERS) 31
        3.3     UWB characteristics and their impact on UWB capabilities  33
                  3.3.1     Introduction  33
                  3.3.2     UWB link budgets  33
                  3.3.3     Justification for a link margin  36
                  3.3.4     Impact on UWB capabilities  39
                  3.3.5     UWB operational criteria  43
                  3.3.6     Conclusion  43
        3.4     Slope emission masks  44
 
4     Impact of UWB on radiocommunication services  45
        4.1     Methodologies  45
        4.2     Propagation prediction models for UWB interference studies  45
                  4.2.1     Background  45
                  4.2.2     Radio modelling  46
                  4.2.3     Propagation models to assess potential interference from devices using UWB technology into conventional and relatively narrowband receivers     47
                  4.2.4     Propagation models to assess compatibility between different devices using UWB technology     48
                  4.2.5     A theoretical UWB multipath propagation model 50
        4.3     Aggregate interference analysis  50
                  4.3.1     UWB deployment scenarios for aggregate interference analysis  50
                  4.3.2     Aggregate interference analysis in outdoor terrestrial urban environments  51
                  4.3.3     Aggregate interference measurement results  62
 
5     Mitigation techniques  78
        5.1     Spectral control techniques  78
                  5.1.1     Cross polarization  78
                  5.1.2     Notch filtering  78
                  5.1.3     UWB modulation and channelization schemes  80
                  5.1.4      Frequency hopping  80
                  5.1.5      Chirp signalling  80
                  5.1.6      Frequency agile modulation  81
                  5.1.7     Carrier-leak-free burst oscillator 81
        5.2     Spatial radiation control techniques  82
                  5.2.1     Antenna directivity  82
                  5.2.2     Multiple antenna diversity  82
                  5.2.3     Array antenna  82
        5.3     Combined techniques  82
        5.4     Detect and avoid technique  82
Annex 1  to § 5  Spectral control mitigation techniques     83
 
1     Smoothing the PSD of UWB signals  83
 
2     Impact of the pseudo-noise code sequence on UWB PSD   83
 
3     Effects of pulse shapes on the PSD of UWB signals  86
 
4     Summary of analytical studies  88
        4.1     Impact of UWB on the mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related services  89
                  4.1.1     Land mobile services except IMT-2000  89
                  4.1.2     Maritime mobile service  92
                  4.1.3     Aeronautical service  94
                  4.1.4     IMT-2000  98
                  4.1.5     Wireless access systems including RLANs  101
                  4.1.6     Amateur and amateur-satellite service  103
                  4.1.7     Meteorological radar 105
        4.2     Impact of UWB on the fixed service  107
        4.3     Impact of UWB on the fixed-satellite service  114
        4.4     Impact of devices using UWB technology on the mobile-satellite services and the radionavigation satellite service     117
                  4.4.1     Mobile-satellite service (MSS) 117
Separation distances     120
Maximum permissible e.i.r.p. density in 1 MHz at 20 m distance     120
Maximum permissible e.i.r.p. density in 1 MHz at 0.36 m distance     120
Maximum permissible e.i.r.p. density in 1 MHz at 0.36 m distance     120
                  4
.4.2     Radionavigation satellite service (RNSS) 121
        4.5     Impact of UWB on the broadcasting service  123
                  4.5.1     Terrestrial broadcasting  123
In indoor environment     127
In outdoor environment     127
In indoor environment     128
In outdoor environment     128
                  4.5.2     Broadcast-satellite service (BSS) 129
        4.6     Impact of UWB on the science services  131
                  4.6.1     Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) 131
                  4.6.2     Space research service  135
                  4.6.3     Radio astronomy service (RAS) 136
Annex 1  Studies related to the impact of devices using ultra‑wideband technology on systems operating within the mobile service     138
 
1     Land mobile service except IMT-2000  138
        1.1     PCS land mobile services  138
                  1.1.1     Blocking probabilities in a CDMA PCS system   138
                  1.1.2     Impact tests of devices using UWB technology on PCS land mobile services     143
        1.2     Interference effect of UWB mass deployment on GSM 900 MHz systems  146
                  1.2.1     UWB transmitter distribution and resulting interference model 147
                  1.2.2     Results for GSM 935-960 MHz  148
        1.3     Impact on the land mobile service  150
        1.4     WiBro service  151
                  1.4.1     Introduction  151
                  1.4.1     Analysis of the impact of single UWB device on single WiBro MS  151
                  1.4.2     Allowable maximum e.i.r.p. density of UWB at reference distance  153
        1.5     Cellular mobile services (824-849 MHz/869-894 MHz) 153
                  1.5.1     Approach  153
                  1.5.2     Conducted tests  153
        1.6     Impact of devices using UWB technology on both IMT-2000 and land mobile except IMT-2000 terminals     157
                  1.6.1     Introduction  157
                  1.6.2     A study by one Administration on the impact of UWB emissions on both IMT-2000 and other land mobile devices operating in the 1 750-1 780/1 840-1 870 and 1 850‑1 910/1 930-1 990 MHz frequency band     157
                  1.6.3     Output of the Radiocommunication TG 1/8 Correspondence Group (CG)     163
 
2     Maritime mobile service  167
        2.1     Introduction  167
                  2.1.1     Ship operations  167
                  2.1.2     Shore operations  167
                  2.1.3     Port operations  167
                  2.1.4     Maritime radionavigation service  168
        2.2     Assumptions and calculations  168
        2.3     Results  169
        2.4     Conclusions  169
 
3     Aeronautical service  173
                  3.1.1     Indicative methodology  174
                               3.1.1.1     Based on a required I/N ratio  174
                  3.1.2     Interference assessment 175
        3.2     Results  178
                  3.2.1     Specific studies  178
                  3.2.2     Studies using the indicative methodology  185
 
4     IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000  191
        4.1     Introduction  191
        4.2     Scope  191
        4.3     Assumed UWB technical characteristics and usage  192
                  4.3.1     UWB usage scenarios  192
Office     193
Home     193
Home Theatre     193
                  4.3.2     UWB channel propagation models  194
                  4.3.3     UWB interference modelling  194
        4.4     Victim IMT-2000 receiver characteristics and deployment scenarios  196
                  4.4.1     IMT-2000 overview   196
                  4.4.2     Base stations  199
                  4.4.3     Mobile station (user terminals) 200
                  4.4.4     IMT-2000 environment and scenarios  200
                  4.4.5     Propagation conditions  201
        4.5     Interference scenarios  201
                  4.5.1     Scenarios involving victim IMT-2000 mobile station receivers  201
                  4.5.2     Scenarios involving victim IMT-2000 base station receivers  202
                  4.5.3     Scenarios involving IMT-2000 (including base stations and mobile stations) and UWB networks     202
        4.6     Methodologies for interference assessment 203
                  4.6.1     Scenarios involving victim IMT-2000 mobile station receivers  203
 
     Input parameters: 206
 
     Criterion: 206
 
     Output results: 206
                  4.6.2     Scenarios involving victim IMT-2000 base station receivers  208
                  4.6.3     Scenarios involving IMT-2000 and UWB networks (Monte-Carlo simulations)     210
        4.7     Studies and results  211
                  4.7.1     Scenarios involving victim IMT-2000 mobile station receivers  211
                  4.7.2     Scenarios involving victim IMT-2000 base station receivers  221
                               4.7.2.1     Single UWB interferer into a single base station  221
 
     Simulation “intermediate” results: effective path loss CDF graphs  224
 
     Criterion: 226
                  4.7.3     Results of the Monte-Carlo analysis  227
 
     Input parameters: 227
Mean path-loss     230
Variance on path loss     230
                               e.i.r.p. densityUWB     240
        4.8     Summary and conclusions  245
 
5     Wireless access systems including RLANs  248
        5.1     Introduction and summary  248
        5.2     Model and scenario  248
                  5.2.1     UWB interference model 248
                  5.2.2     RLAN cell coverage  250
        5.3     UWB interference effects on IEEE 802.11a  251
                  5.3.1     IEEE 802.11a cell coverage  251
                  5.3.2     UWB emission limit in the IEEE 802.11a band  254
                  5.3.3     Interference as a function of UWB transmitter density  254
                  5.3.4     UWB density resulting in 1 dB degradation in the S/N   257
                  5.3.5     Minimum distance with one UWB transmitter 257
                  5.3.6     Maximum possible UWB transmission power in order to have a UWB density of        0.2 users/m2     260
                  5.3.7     Summary IEEE 802.11a  260
        5.4     UWB interference effects on IEEE 802.11b  260
                  5.4.1     IEEE 802.11b coverage  260
                  5.4.2     UWB emission limit in the IEEE 802.11b band  262
                  5.4.3     UWB interference as a function of transmitter density  263
                  5.4.4     UWB density resulting in 1 dB degradation in the S/N   276
                  5.4.5     Minimum distance with one UWB transmitter 277
                  5.4.6     Maximum possible UWB transmission power in order to have a UWB density of        0.2 users/m2     278
                  5.4.7     Summary IEEE 802.11b  279
        5.5     Interference distances for IEEE 802.11a derived from measured C/I 279
                  5.5.1     Description of measurement of C/I for RLAN tolerable  279
RLAN infrastructure:     281
RLAN ad hoc:     281
 
                 5.5.2     Interference distance for UWB interference to R-LAN   284
                  5.5.3     Impact of peak power UWB emission on DFS mechanisms  286
                  5.5.4     Implementation of DFS mechanism in RLAN devices  287
                  5.5.5     Analysis of DFS mechanism with UWB emissions  288
                  5.5.6     Summary  291
 
6     Amateur and amateur-satellite service  291
        6.1     Amateur and amateur-satellite services in 420 MHz – 10.5 GHz  291
        6.2     Deployment scenarios  291
        6.3     Activity factor 292
                  6.3.1     Amateur transmission  292
                  6.3.2     UWB activity factor 292
        6.4     Technical characteristics of amateur systems  292
        6.5     Aggregation  292
        6.6     Mitigation techniques  293
        6.7     Frequency bands of interest 293
        6.8     Characteristics of amateur stations  294
                  6.8.1     Terrestrial communications  294
                  6.8.2     Earth-Moon-Earth communications  294
        6.9     Particular scenarios for study – Amateur service  295
                  6.9.1     Terrestrial propagation  295
                  6.9.2     Minimum separation distances – Scenario 3 – Earth/Moon/Earth  298
       6.10     Amateur satellite service  300
                  6.10.1     Amateur-satellite service frequencies  300
                  6.10.2     Technical characteristics of amateur-satellite systems  301
                  6.10.3     Effects of UWB deployment on the space segment of the amateur-satellite service     301
                  6.10.4     Space-to-Earth  302
       6.11     Overall conclusions  303
 
7     Meteorological ground based radars  304
        7.1     System characteristics  304
                  7.1.1     UWB devices  304
                  7.1.2     Meteorological radar 304
        7.2     Impact studies  307
                  7.2.1     Study A   307
                  7.2.2     Study B   317
        7.3     Conclusion  328
Appendix 1  to Annex 1 (Ref: § 1.6.2)  Characterization of a mobile handset in multipath environments     329
 
1     Measurement approaches  329
 
2     Reverberation chamber 330
 
3     The total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) measurements of cdma2000 mobile phones  330
 
4     The average fading sensitivity (AFS) measurements of cdma2000 mobile phones  331
 
5     Comparison between TIS and AFS sensitivities  331
Appendix 2  to Annex 1 (Ref: § 1.62)     332
Appendix 3  to Annex 1 (Ref: § 1.6.3)     334
 
1     Input to the Correspondence Group by Sector Members  334
Appendix 4  to Annex 1 (Ref: § 1.6.3)     335
 
1     Input to the Correspondence Group by one Administration  335
Appendix 5  to Annex 1 (Ref: § 1.6.3)     336
 
1     Input to the Correspondence Group by a Sector Member 336
 
2     Mobile forward/reverse antenna gain  336
 
3     Transmit 336
 
4     Receive  336
Annex 2  Studies related to the impact of devices using ultra-wideband technology on systems operating within the fixed service     340
 
1     Summary  340
        1.1     Fixed service objectives and characteristics  343
                  1.1.1     Fixed service protection objectives  343
Long-term objectives for bands where multipath is the dominant aspect of adverse propagation     344
Long-term objectives for bands where precipitation is the dominant fade mechanism     345
                  1.1.2     Fixed service characteristics  347
        1.2     Representative scenarios for bands below 11 GHz  353
                  1.2.1     Scenario 1 – Uniformly or randomly distributed UWB emissions  354
Scenario A:     359
Scenario B:     359
                  1.2.2     Scenario 3a – Hot spots UWB emissions  359
                  1.2.3     Single entry outdoor UWB to an outdoor FS station  362
                  1.2.4     Minimum distance of an UWB device to indoor FWA TS  363
                  1.2.5     Vertical plane decoupling scenario and FS antenna heights  363
        1.3     Initial evaluations of upper-bounds of UWB interference to FWA and P-P systems in the selected scenarios below ~11 GHz     363
                  1.3.1     Introduction  363
                  1.3.2     Single entry outdoor UWB emission r.m.s. interference  364
                  1.3.3     Uniformly and randomly distributed UWB emission aggregate r.m.s. interference (Scenario 1)     366
Step 1     382
Step 2     383
Step 3     383
Step 4     383
Step 5     383
                  1.3.4      “Hot-spot” UWB emission r.m.s. aggregate interference (scenario 3a) 394
                  1.3.5     Minimum UWB distance from indoor TS applications  403
                  1.3.6     Peak power limits requirement 404
                  1.3.7     Summary of parametric formulas from aggregate interference study in bands from 3 to 11 GHz     405
        1.4     Determination of UWB e.i.r.p. levels for FS protection considering mitigation parameters and multiple scenarios aggregation in bands below 10.6 GHz     405
                  1.4.1     Bands from ~ 3 GHz to 10. 6 GHz  405
Propagation related factors     405
UWB implementation related factors     406
Method A     410
Method B     410
                  1.4.2     Bands below 3 GHz – Qualitative considerations  412
        1.5     Studies on impact of short range radars for automotive applications on FS in bands around 24 GHz     413
                  1.5.1     Introduction  413
                  1.5.2     Frequency bands  414
                  1.5.3     Fixed service protection objectives  415
                  1.5.4     FS characteristics in bands around 24 GHz  415
                  1.5.5     SRR parameters  421
                  1.5.6     Additional parameters for interference calculations  421
Gating     428
Activity factor     428
                  1.5.7     Methodology and scenarios  428
                  1.5.8     Calculation results  432
                  1.5.9     Test results  450
                  1.5.10     Conclusions  450
Deployment Case 1 study     450
Deployment Case 2 study     450
Further considerations     450
Appendix 1  to Annex 2   Evaluation of mitigation factors KB and KLoS     451
 
1     KB factor 451
        1.1     Evaluation  451
                  1.1.2     KB conclusions  452
 
2     KLoS factor 452
        2.1     Evaluation  452
                  2.1.1     KLoS conclusions  454
Appendix 2  to Annex 2  One practical test for evaluating reflection impact     454
Annex 3  Studies related to the impact of devices using ultra-wideband technology on systems operating within the fixed-satellite service     456
 
1     FSS earth stations characteristics  456
 
2     UWB interference into FSS uplinks  456
Conclusions (Earth-to-space)     460
 
3     UWB interference into FSS downlinks  460
        3.1     Single interferer 460
        3.2     Aggregate interference  463
                  3.2.1     Interference power density to noise ratio from UWB systems into FSS earth station receiver     463
                  3.2.2     Means to mitigate the impact of aggregate UWB emissions  465
                  3.2.3     Further studies  468
Obstacles     471
Model and characterization of different scenarios     471
Different types of distributions     472
Results     472
        3.3     Conclusion for FSS downlink  475
 
4     Conclusions for FSS studies (uplink and downlink) 476
Annex 4  Studies related to the impact of devices using ultra‑wideband technology on systems operating within the mobile-satellite service and the radionavigation satellite service     478
 
1     Mobile-satellite service (MSS) 478
        1.1     Search and rescue systems  478
                  1.1.1     Computation of the protection distances for the band 1 544-1 545 MHz for the LEO case     478
                  1.1.2     Computation of the protection distances for the band 1 544-1 545 MHz for the GSO case     479
                  1.1.3     Results of the interference analysis for the band 406-406.1 MHz  479
                  1.1.4     1 544-1 545 MHz
(space-to-Earth) 479
                  1.1.5     406-406.1 MHz (Earth-to-space) 483
        1.2     Mobile-satellite services – Service links of GSO MSS systems  484
                  1.2.1     Introduction  484
                  1.2.2     Scenarios of interference from UWB systems into service links of GSO MSS systems     484
                  1.2.3     Maximum permissible interference levels  485
                  1.2.4    
Victim receiver antenna characteristics  486
                  1.2.5     Reference UWB emission levels  487
                  1.2.6     Propagation models for the interference analysis  487
                  1.2.7     Categories of victim receivers  488
Interference Scenario A (1.5 GHz) in the service downlink     488
Interference Scenario B (1.6 GHz) in the service uplink     488
                  1.2.8     Deployment scenario for aggregate interference analysis  488
                  1.2.9     Other assumptions  488
                  1.2.10     Results of the interference analysis – Scenario A (1.5 GHz) 489
Type-1 MES terminal     489
Type-2 MES terminal     490
                  1.2.11     Results of the interference analysis – GSO MSS satellite receiver (Scenario B)     494
                  1.2.12     Conclusions  498
Separation distances     498
Maximum permissible e.i.r.p. density in 1 MHz at 20 m distance     498
Separation distances     499
Maximum permissible e.i.r.p. density in 1 MHz at 20 m distance     499
 
2     Radionavigation satellite service  500
        2.1     Introduction  500
                  2.1.1     Noise-like effect 501
                  2.1.2     CW-like effect 501
        2.2     The global positioning system (GPS) 502
                  2.2.1     GPS usage  502
                  2.2.2     GPS signal characteristics  503
                  2.2.3     Technical and performance characteristics of RNSS (space-to-Earth) systems and augmentation systems     503
                  2.2.4     Emissions limitations and associated technical requirements on UWB devices in order to protect RNSS systems and augmentation systems in the 1 165-1 215 MHz, 1 215‑1 300 MHz, and 1 559-1 610 MHz bands     507
 
A     Technical requirements for ground penetrating radars and wall imaging systems  507
 
B     Technical requirements for through-wall imaging systems  508
 
C     Technical requirements for surveillance systems  511
 
D     Technical requirements for medical imaging use  512
 
E     Technical requirements for vehicular radar systems  513
 
F     Technical requirements for indoor UWB systems  514
 
G     Technical requirements for hand held UWB systems  516
 
H     Technical requirements applicable to all UWB devices  517
 
I     Coordination requirements  519
                  2.2.5     Study of UWB impact on GPS-enabled phones  519
GPS protection requirement     520
GPS antenna gain in direction of UWB source     521
Propagation path loss at 2 m     521
UWB uncertainty factor     521
Summary     521
                  2.2.6     Global positioning system (GPS) of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS)     523
        2.3     Galileo  526
                  2.3.1     Introduction  526
                  2.3.2     Galileo services  527
                  2.3.3     Galileo signal characteristics  527
                  2.3.4     Operational scenarios  529
                  2.3.5     UWB transmitter-to-Galileo receiver link budget analyses  529
                  2.3.6     Single UWB transmitter-to-Galileo receiver link budget analyses: noise-like effect only     530
                  2.3.7     Study on noise-like and CW-like effects on Galileo  533
        2.4     GLONASS  566
                  2.4.1     Introduction  566
                  2.4.2     Employment of the GLONASS system   567
                  2.4.3     Characteristics of signals in the GLONASS system   567
                  2.4.4     Scenarios of interference effect on the GLONASS RNSS receivers  567
                  2.4.5     Protection criteria for the GLONASS system   569
                  2.4.6     Analysis of UWB systems interfering with a GLONASS receiver 570
                  2.4.7     Protection requirements of airborne GLONASS receivers  572
                  2.4.8     Requirements of protecting the commercial GLONASS receivers from interference caused by a single UWB device     575
Annex 5  Studies related to the impact of devices using ultra-wideband technology on systems operating within the broadcasting service and the  broadcasting‑satellite service     578
 
1     Impact of UWB systems on terrestrial broadcasting  578
        1.1     Assessment of the impact of UWB systems on the T‑DAB system   578
                  1.1.1     Summary  578
                  1.1.2     Introduction  579
                  1.1.3     System characteristics and propagation models  579
                  1.1.4     Considered scenarios  585
                  1.1.5     UWB emission limits  586
                  1.1.6     T‑DAB/UWB interference scenario results  587
                  1.1.7     Maximum UWB e.i.r.p density to provide adequate protection to the T-DAB system     593
                  1.1.8     Conclusion  594
        1.2     ISDB-TSB system   595
                  1.2.1     Application system description  595
                  1.2.2     Conclusions  595
        1.3     Assessment of the impact of UWB systems on the DVB‑T system   596
                  1.3.1     Summary  596
                  1.3.2     Introduction  597
                  1.3.3     System characteristics and propagation models  597
                  1.3.4     Considered scenarios  603
                  1.3.5     UWB emission limits  605
                  1.3.6     DVB‑T/UWB interference scenario results  605
                  1.3.8     Conclusion  614
        1.4     Assessment of the impact of UWB systems on ATSC digital television  615
                  1.4.1     Abstract 615
                  1.4.2     Introduction  615
                  1.4.3     Purpose  616
                  1.4.4     Assumptions  616
                  1.4.5     Procedure  617
                  1.4.6     Results  619
                  1.4.7     Conclusions  633
        1.5     ISDB-T system   633
                  1.5.3     Further information about the calculation for protection of the ISDB-T system     634
        1.6     Analogue television broadcasting  635
                  1.6.1     Introduction  635
                  1.6.2     Assessment of the impact of UWB systems on analogue television  636
                  1.6.3     Conclusion  637
 
2     Impact of devices using UWB technology on satellite broadcasting systems  637
        2.1     Satellite broadcasting service in the bands 1 452-1 492 MHz and 2 320-2 345 MHz     640
                  2.1.1     Introduction  640
                  2.1.2     Scope  640
                  2.1.3     Summary of studies  642
                  2.1.4     Conclusion  643
Indoor communication UWB systems     643
Hand-held UWB systems     643
Surveillance devices     643
        2.2     BSS(S) satellite system in the band 1 467-1 492 MHz  644
        2.3     Satellite broadcasting service using code division multiplexing technology in the band 2 605-2 655 MHz     645
                  2.3.1     Introduction  645
                  2.3.2     Power received by an SDMB receiver 645
                  2.3.3     Noise spectral density (N0) 645
                  2.3.4     Impact of single UWB interferer 646
                  2.3.5     Impact of aggregate UWB interferers  646
                  2.3.6     Conclusion  647
        2.4     Satellite broadcasting services in the bands 1 452-1 492 MHz, 2 310-2 360 MHz and 2 535‑2 655 MHz     647
        2.5     Satellite broadcasting service in the 12 GHz and 17 GHz range  648
Annex 6  Studies related to the impact of devices using ultra‑wideband technology on systems operating within the Earth exploration satellite, space research service     649
 
1     Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) 649
        1.1     EESS (active) in the 5 GHz band  649
                  1.1.1     Spaceborne altimeter at 5 GHz  649
                  1.1.2     Synthetic aperture radar at 5 GHz  651
                  1.1.3     Conclusion for interference between EESS (active) and UWB   653
        1.2     Earth exploration-satellite  653
                  1.2.1     Earth exploration-satellite, space research and space operation in 2 025-2 110 MHz and 2 200-2 290 MHz frequency bands     653
                  1.2.2     Earth exploration-satellite (space-to-Earth) in the band 8 025-8 400 MHz     657
        1.3     Description of an EESS (passive) system   660
                  1.3.1     Conical scan passive sensors  661
                  1.3.2     Cross track passive sensors  662
        1.4     EESS (passive) except the band 23.6-24 GHz  663
                  1.4.1     1 400-1 427 MHz band  663
                  1.4.2     Interference study around 6.9 GHz  667
                  1.4.3     10.6-10.7 GHz band  669
        1.5     Interference analysis between EESS (passive) and vehicular radar systems at 24 GHz     674
                  1.5.1     Status of the 23.6-24 GHz frequency band  674
                  1.5.2     Use of the band 23.6-24 GHz by EESS  675
                  1.5.3     Protection criteria for EESS (passive) 677
                  1.5.4     24 GHz automotive short-range radars (SRR) characteristics  678
                  1.5.5     Interference assessment 679
                  1.5.6     Other aspects not considered in the interference analysis  684
                  1.5.7     Summary of interference studies between EESS and 24 GHz SRR, conclusion     686
 
2     Space research service (including deep space) and space operation service  687
        2.1     Interference analysis in the 2 025-2 110 MHz band  687
        2.2     2 200-2 290 MHz band  689
        2.3     Preliminary conclusion about the bands 2 025-2 110 and 2 200-2 290 MHz  690
        2.4     8 400-8 450 MHz band, SRS (deep space) 690
        2.5     Conclusion about the SRS bands  691
 
3     Studies related to the impact of devices using UWB technology on systems operating within the radio astronomy service     692
        3.1     Impact on the radio astronomy service  692
                  3.1.1     RAS and UWB in the range 0.6-10.6 GHz  692
                  3.1.2     RAS and automotive SRR around 24 GHz  699
                  3.1.3     RAS and automotive SRR around 79 GHz  701
Annex 7  Test measurements related to the impact of devices using ultra-wideband technology on systems operating within radiocommunication services     704
 1     Test measurements related to the impact on systems operating within the land mobile services except IMT-2000     704
        1.1     Laboratory test measurements: GSM-based land mobile  704
                  1.1.1     Approach  704
                  1.1.2     UWB transmitter set-up  704
                  1.1.3     Test set-up  705
                  1.1.4     GSM (1 800 MHz) 706
                  1.1.5     GPRS (1 800 MHz) 708
                  1.1.6     OFDM transmitter test 711
        1.2     Field test for 1 device using UWB technology  712
                  1.2.1     Approach  712
                  1.2.2     Test procedure  712
                  1.2.3     Overview of power control mechanism   712
                  1.2.4     Results and findings  713
        1.3     Field tests for 1, 2 and 4 devices using UWB technology  714
                  1.3.1     Overview   714
                  1.3.2     Results and analysis  715
 
2     Test measurements related to the impact on systems operating within IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000     717
        2.1     Experimental data on IMT-DS and UWB impact 717
                  2.1.1     Laboratory test 717
                  2.1.2     Field test 723
 3     Test measurements related to the impact on systems operating within wireless access including RLAN     726
        3.1     Field measurement of interference to IEEE 802.11a from device using UWB technology     726
        3.2     Lab measurements of the impact of short-pulse ultra-wideband emissions on IEEE 802.11a systems     728
                  3.2.1     Introduction  728
                  3.2.2     Description of setup  728
                  3.2.3     UWB transmitter description  729
                  3.2.4     Chariot configuration  730
                  3.2.5     Measurement results (Cellonics) 731
                  3.2.6     Measurement results (multispectral) 731
                  3.2.7     Conclusions  735
 
4     Test measurements related to fixed service degradation due to UWB interference  736
        4.1     Introduction  736
                  4.1.2     Test background  736
                  4.1.3     Test results  737
Note on possible regulatory framework     743
 
5     Test measurements on FSS degradation due to UWB interference  743
        5.1     Measurements  743
                  5.1.1     First study on measurements  744
                  5.1.2     Second study on measurement 744
                  5.1.3     Third study on measurement 747
                  5.1.4     Impact of UWB interference on a C-band FSS receiver 749
                               5.1.4.3.2.2     Measuring C/I 752
                               5.1.4.3.3.3     Use of Reed-Solomon coding to mitigate impact of low-PRF UWB     756
 
6     Experimental measurement of interference from UWB to satellite digital multimedia broadcasting     764
Appendix 1 to Annex 7  Lab measurements of the impact of short-pulse  UWB emissions on IEEE        802.11a systems UWB spectral plots (Cellonics, PRF = 25 MHz)     766
Appendix 2 to Annex 7 (Ref: § 7.4)  Fixed service receiver characteristics used for test in § 7.4     769
 
1     Spectral characteristics  769
 
2     Other relevant FS system characteristics  769
Appendix 3 to Annex 7 (Ref: § 7.5)  UWB signals – Additional information     770
 
1     Implementation overview   770
 
2     Signal parameters used in experiments  770
 
3     Spectral plots  771
Appendix 4 to Annex 7 (Ref: § 7.5)  Short-pulse UWB transmitter – Additional information     775
 
1     Summary  775
 
2     Signal parameters used in experiments  775
 
3     Spectral plots  776
Appendix 5 to Annex 7 (Ref: § 7.5)  MB-OFDM UWB transmitter – Additional information     779
Annex 8  Characteristics and protection criteria of radiocommunication services     780
 
1     Mobile services  780
        1.1     Land mobile services except IMT-2000  780
        1.2     Maritime mobile service  780
        1.3     Aeronautical service  781
                  1.3.1     System characteristics  781
        1.4     Terrestrial IMT-2000 and systems beyond  792
        1.5     Wireless access systems, including radio local area networks (WAS/RLAN), operating in the mobile service in the bands 5 150-5 250 MHz, 5 250‑5 350 MHz and 5 470‑5 725 MHz     793
        1.6     Amateur and amateur-satellite services  795
                  1.6.1     Operational characteristics  796
                  1.6.2     Technical characteristics  796
        1.7     Meteorological radars  803
 
2     Fixed service  803
 
3     Fixed satellite service  805
 
4     Mobile satellite service and radionavigation satellite service  809
        4.1     MSS systems  809
        4.2     Radionavigation satellite services  815
                  4.2.1     GPS protection criteria  815
                  4.2.2     Galileo protection criteria  815
                  4.2.3     GLONASS protection criteria  816
                  4.2.4     RNSS signal characteristics  816
                  4.2.5     RNSS systems parameters  818
 
5     Broadcasting  820
        5.1     Characteristics  820
        5.2     Interference criteria for broadcasting  821
 
6     Earth exploration-satellite service and radioastronomy  824
        6.1     Earth exploration-satellite service  824
        6.2     Space research (including deep space) and space operation services  825
        6.3     Radioastronomy  826