Handbook – Earth Exploration-Satellite Service
PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO THE EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE SERVICE
1.1 Overview
1.2 Earth exploration-satellite system characteristics
1.2.1 Earth exploration mission duration and phases
1.2.2 Earth exploration mission orbits
1.2.3 Earth exploration-satellite bus functions
1.2.4 Earth exploration-satellite payloads
1.3 Applications of data from EESS missions
CHAPTER 2 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE TELEMETRY, TRACKING, AND COMMAND FUNCTIONS AND TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATIONS
2 Introduction
2.1 Functions
2.1.1 Satellite bus telemetry transmissions
2.1.2 Payload telemetry transmissions
2.1.3 Tracking
2.1.4 Command transmissions
2.1.5 Emergency (contingency) communications
2.2 Implementation
2.2.1 Propagation considerations
2.2.2 Reliability, bit error rate requirements, and link margins
2.2.3 Data rate and bandwidth requirements
2.2.4 Multiplexing
2.2.5 Error correction coding techniques
2.2.6 Pseudo-random noise coding techniques
2.2.7 Modulation techniques
2.2.8 Acquisition
2.2.9 Tracking techniques
CHAPTER 3 – EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE SERVICE SCIENCE DATA DOWNLINK FUNCTIONS AND TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION
3 Introduction
3.1 EESS data downlink allocations
3.2 Mission considerations
3.3 Data rate requirements
3.4 Equipment considerations
3.5 Effects of interference on EESS data downlink
3.5.1 Emissions from other satellites sharing the same frequencies
3.5.2 Emissions from systems of terrestrial services
3.5.3 Unwanted emissions from systems operating in adjacent bands
3.6 Protection from interference
3.6.1 EESS protection criteria
3.6.2 Sharing and coordination
CHAPTER 4 SPACEBORNE ACTIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS OPERATING IN THE EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE SERVICE (ACTIVE)
4 Introduction
4.1 Active sensor types
4.1.1 Synthetic aperture radars
4.1.2 Altimeters
4.1.3 Scatterometers
4.1.4 Precipitation radars
4.1.5 Cloud profile radars
4.2 Preferred frequency bands and bandwidths for active sensors
4.3 Active sensor interference and performance criteria
4.4 Sharing considerations for active sensors
4.4.1 Power-flux density levels and received interference power levels
4.4.2 Types of RF signal waveforms
4.4.3 Dynamics of antenna coupling with systems of other services
4.4.4 Types of systems in other services
CHAPTER 5 – SPACEBORNE PASSIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS OPERATING IN THE EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE SERVICE (PASSIVE)
5.1 Passive sensors
5.1.1 Imaging sensors
5.1.2 Atmospheric sounding sensors
5.1.3 Microwave limb sounding sensors
5.2 Spectrum requirements and scientific use of frequency bands
5.2.1 Observation over ocean surfaces
5.2.2 Observation over land surfaces
5.2.3 Observation of atmospheric constituent gases
5.2.4 Frequency bands of interest
5.3 Performance parameters
5.3.1 Radiometric sensitivity
5.3.2 Radiometer threshold ?P
5.3.3 Geometric resolution
5.3.4 Integration time
5.4 Passive sensor performance and interference criteria
5.5 Passive sensor interference and sharing considerations
CHAPTER 6 – SOCIETAL BENEFITS OF THE EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE SERVICE
6 Introduction
6.1 Benefits related to disaster management
6.1.1 Coastal and maritime hazards
6.1.2 Atmospheric hazards
6.1.3 Surface hazards
6.1.4 Pollution detection and monitoring
6.1.5 Radio frequency bands used to support disaster management
6.2 Benefits related to natural systems
6.2.1 Ecosystems and biodiversity
6.2.2 Geology
6.2.3 Surface water: hydrology and o
6.2.4 Weather and climate
6.3 Benefits related to humanity
6.3.1 Archaeology
6.3.2 Health
6.3.3 Population and urban studies
6.4 Benefits related to human endeavours
6.4.1 Agriculture
6.4.2 Cartography
6.4.3 Commun
6.4.4 Energy and resource exploration
6.4.5 Transportation
6.5 Radio techniques associated with societal benefits
APPENDIX 1 – ITU-R RECOMMENDATIONS RELEVANT TO THE EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE SERVICE