Preface
Final report
Table of Contents
List of Tables, Figures and Boxes
     Table 1: Categorization of case studies
     Table 1A: Summary of project
     Table 2A: DCDI Pillars and Indicators
     Figure 1: Disaster risk management flow
     Figure 2: ICT service demand after a disaster
     Figure 3: An example of a search and rescue service
     Figure 4: Damages to communication infrastructure
     Figure 5: Integrated view of networks supporting disaster relief services
     Figure 6: Local wireless mesh network architecture
     Figure 7: Mobile terminal delay tolerant networking enrichment
     Figure 8: Nomad stations with DTN functionalities
     Figure 9: Reconnection of optical fibre links
     Figure 10: Network diagram of an emergency mobile network
     Figure 11: ICT Resource Unit for emergency response
     Figure 12: Scale of ICT resource unit implementations
     Figure 13: Use cases of local cellular services
     Figure 14: VSAT enrichment for disaster preparedness
     Figure 15: Communication between different satellite systems
     Figure 16: Hybrid cast system overview
     Figure 17: Display detailed disaster information
     Figure 1A: Locations of DART®II Tsunami Warning Buoys
     Figure 2A: Diagram of tsunameter mechanism
     Figure 3A: GLOF Early Warning Station
     Figure 4A: National emergency warning information release system
     Figure 5A: Emergency communication equipment
     Figure 6A: Location of San Remigio municipality in the Philippines and depiction of wireless network in San Remigio before the typhoon. (The network was destroyed by the typhoon.)
     Figure 7A: MDRU and wireless equipment installed at San Remigio Municipal Hall and at a high school
     Figure 8A: Use case of MDRU: Investigating the extent of damage from the typhoon
     Figure 9A: Training session for residents of San Remigio
     Figure 10A: Local Cellular System (GSM)
     Figure 11A: Local Cellular System (LTE and GSM)
     Figure 12A: Multi mode BTS
     Figure 13A: System configuration of the hazard map system for disaster risk reduction
     Figure 14A: Map creation process with citizens’ participation
     Figure 15A: Rapid ICT-relief system deployed in an area affected by the Kumamoto Earthquake
Executive Summary
PART 1 – Report on ICT Experiences and Best Practices in disaster mitigation and relief
1	CHAPTER 1 – General overview: Use of ICTs for disaster management
     1.1	Introduction
     1.2	Use of ICTs in all phases of disasters
     1.3	ICTs for disaster management and smart sustainable development
     1.4	Enabling policy and regulatory environment
     1.5	Human factors and stakeholder collaboration
     1.6	Accessibility considerations
2	CHAPTER 2 – Network resiliency and ICT systems for early warning, response and recovery
     2.1	Early warning and remote sensing systems
     2.2	Broadcast emergency warning systems
     2.3	Disaster information and relief systems
     2.4	Resilient network technologies
          2.4.1	Overview
          2.4.2	Local wireless mesh network systems
          2.4.3	Delay tolerant networking
          2.4.4	Portable emergency communication system 
     2.5	Restoration of optical fibre links
     2.6	Terrestrial systems – Fixed and mobile
     2.7	Satellite communications
          2.7.1	Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSAT)
          2.7.2	Push-To-Talk (PTT) communications and mobile satellite PTT
     2.8	Broadcasting
          2.8.1	Overview
          2.8.2	Operational methods used to assure continued broadcast service
          2.8.3	Use of existing terrestrial broadcasting infrastructure to support emergency communications
          2.8.4	Collaboration between broadcasting organizations
          2.8.5	Shortwave radio
          2.8.6	Hybrid broadcast-broadband television systems
     2.9	Amateur radio
          2.9.1	Nature of the amateur services
          2.9.2	Role of the amateur service in emergency telecommunications
          2.9.3	Amateur networks available for emergency telecommunications
          2.9.4	Characteristics of amateur systems
          2.9.5	Training
          2.9.6	Amateur radio service is available at no cost to administrations
3	CHAPTER 3 – Case studies
     3.1	Summaries of case studies received during study period
4	CHAPTER 4 – Best Practice Guidelines and Conclusions
     4.1	Analysis and identification of Best Practice Guidelines and lessons learned
     4.2	ICTs for disaster relief, response and recovery
     4.3	Conclusions
PART 2 – Emergency Communications Checklist
Abbreviations and acronyms
Annexes
Annex 1: Case study summaries
     A1.1	Network disaster recovery plans (GSM Association)
     A1.2	Satellite based machine-to-machine technologies in early warning systems
     A1.3	Case studies from the People’s Republic of China (People’s Republic of China)
     A1.4	Hurricane Sandy and the Federal Communications Commission (United States)
     A1.5	First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet) and stakeholder consultation (United States)
     A1.6	Combating epidemic diseases with ICTs (such as Ebola) (Guinea)
     A1.7	Disaster communications management in Madagascar (Madagascar)
     A1.8	Disaster management with MDRU – Feasibility study (Philippines)
     A1.9	Mobile telephony providers’ contingency plan for disaster preparedness, mitigation and response (Argentina)
     A1.10	Use case of emergency warning system over broadcasting (Kazakhstan)
     A1.11	ICT applications for disaster prediction case studies in India (India)
     A1.12	Early warning system in Uganda (Uganda)
     A1.13	Early warning system in Zambia (Zambia)
     A1.14	Local cellular services (Japan)
     A1.15	Data center related infrastructure development for disaster prevention (Latin America and Caribbean)
     A1.16	Hazard map project in Kumamoto-city in Japan (Japan)
     A1.17	Rapid ICT-relief system used at Kumamoto earthquakes (Japan)
     A1.18	Emergency telecommunications: National legal framework (Central African Republic)
Annex 2: Data Center Development Index, Geographic Redundancy Index and specific information
     A2.1	Definition of Data Center Development Index 
     A2.2	Computation of Data Center Development Index
     A2.3	Computation of Specific Indicators for number of data centers, IXPs and Geographic Redundancy Index
     A2.4	Computation of Geographic Redundancy Index
     A2.5	Computation of Adjusted Geographic Redundancy Index