无线电通信部门(ITU-R) - 应急无线电通信

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无线电通信部门(ITU-R)

应急无线电通信

Photo credits: American Red Cross, L. Ignelzi, INMARSAT, ITU.

电信在灾害管理的各个阶段都至关重要。无线电通信业务与灾害相关的方面包括灾害预报、发现、告警和救灾等。在某些情况下,当?有线?电信基础设施被灾害严重或彻底毁坏时,仅有无线电通信业务可用于救灾行动。

ITU-R的两项主要任务 – 确保无线电频谱的有效利用和涉及无线电通信系统开发的研究 – 与所有无线电通信业务都相关。而且,无线电通信研究组开展与持续开发用于减灾/赈灾工作的无线电通信系统有关的研究且这些信息可查阅无线电通信研究组的工作计划。

Disaster
phases

Major radiocommunication
services involved

Major tasks of
radiocommunication services

Studies carried out by
Radiocommunication

Prediction & Detection

Meteorological services (meteorological aids and meteorological-satellite service)
Earth exploration-satellite service

Weather and climate prediction. Detection and tracking of earthquakes, tsunamis hurricanes, typhoons, forest fires, oil leaks etc. Providing warning information

Study Group 7

Alerting

Amateur services	Receiving and distributing alert messages	Study Group 5
Broadcasting services terrestrial and satellite (radio, television, etc.)	Disseminating alert messages and advice to large sections of the public	Study Group 6
Fixed services terrestrial and satellite	Delivering alert messages and instructions to telecommunication centres for further dissemination to public	Study Group 5 Study Group 4
Mobile services (land, satellite, maritime services, etc.)	Distributing alert messages and advice to individuals	Study Group 5 Study Group 4

Relief

Amateur services	Assisting in organizing relief operations in areas (especially when other services are still not operational)	Study Group 5
Broadcasting services terrestrial and satellite (radio, television, etc.)	Coordination of relief activities by disseminating information from relief planning teams to population	Study Group 6
Earth exploration-satellite service	Assessment of damage and providing information for planning relief activities	Study Group 7
Fixed services terrestrial and satellite	Exchange of information between different teams/groups for planning and coordination relief activities	Study Group 5 Study Group 4
Mobile services (land, satellite, maritime services, etc.)	Exchange of information between individuals and/or groups of people involved in relief activities	Study Group 5 Study Group 4

ITU-R也被邀请开展进一步确认可用于公共保护和救灾(PPDR)全球/区域基础的适当频段的研究以及关于协助拟用于紧急和赈灾情况下的设备的跨境流通的研究 – 这些任务的第二项由«坦佩雷公约»予以加强促进为减灾和赈灾工作提供电信资源。

立即获得预先确定的和预先协调的频率和/或频谱,对于在人道主义援助干预早期成功进行赈灾通信非常重要,将拯救许多生命,WRC-07 通过了第647号决议(WRC-07)。该决议要求无线电通信局主任?协助成员国开展应急通信备灾活动,方法是建立一个有关目前在紧急情况下可用频率的数据库,不仅限于第646号决议(WRC-03)中所列频率?。

该项工作的推动力也来自于世界无线电大会的几项决议(第644号决议(WRC-07,修订版),第673号决议(WRC-07)要求ITU-R研究无线电通信与减灾和赈灾工作有关的问题以及关于改善地球观测应用的必要作用和全球重要性的认识。

2007年无线电通信全会(RA-07)批准了ITU-R 53号决议和ITU-R第55号决议责成所有ITU-R研究组开展在灾害预测、发现、减灾和赈灾中使用无线电通信问题的研究。